A safe, atomic file-copy operation

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I need to copy a file from one location to another, and I need to throw an exception (or at least somehow recognise) if the file already exists at the destination (no overwriting).

I can check first with os.path.exists() but it's extremely important that the file cannot be created in the small amount of time between checking and copying.

Is there a built-in way of doing this, or is there a way to define an action as atomic?

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