How to load the RSA public key from file in C#

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I need to load the following RSA public key from a file for use with the RSACryptoServiceProvider class. How can I do this?

-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX/syEKqEkMtQL0+d
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX+izR
KbGMRtur2TYklnyVkjeeHfAggo8vWQmWesnOG55vQYHbOOFoJbk0EkwEr5R/PbKm
byXPPN8zwnS5/XXXXXXXXXXXX
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----

This code works with my pub key: http://www.jensign.com/opensslkey/

Here is the code I am using

        static string RSA(string input)
        {
            RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = DecodeX509PublicKey(Convert.FromBase64String(GetKey()));

            return (Convert.ToBase64String(rsa.Encrypt(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(input), false)));
        }

        static string GetKey()
        {
            return File.ReadAllText("master.pub").Replace("-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----", "").Replace("-----END PUBLIC KEY-----", "");
            //.Replace("\n", "");
        }

        private static bool CompareBytearrays(byte[] a, byte[] b)
        {
            if (a.Length != b.Length)
                return false;
            int i = 0;
            foreach (byte c in a)
            {
                if (c != b[i])
                    return false;
                i++;
            }
            return true;
        }

        public static RSACryptoServiceProvider DecodeX509PublicKey(byte[] x509key)
        {
            // encoded OID sequence for  PKCS #1 rsaEncryption szOID_RSA_RSA = "1.2.840.113549.1.1.1"
            byte[] SeqOID = { 0x30, 0x0D, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2A, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xF7, 0x0D, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x00 };
            byte[] seq = new byte[15];
            // ---------  Set up stream to read the asn.1 encoded SubjectPublicKeyInfo blob  ------
            MemoryStream mem = new MemoryStream(x509key);
            BinaryReader binr = new BinaryReader(mem);    //wrap Memory Stream with BinaryReader for easy reading
            byte bt = 0;
            ushort twobytes = 0;

            try
            {

                twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();
                if (twobytes == 0x8130) //data read as little endian order (actual data order for Sequence is 30 81)
                    binr.ReadByte();    //advance 1 byte
                else if (twobytes == 0x8230)
                    binr.ReadInt16();   //advance 2 bytes
                else
                    return null;

                seq = binr.ReadBytes(15);       //read the Sequence OID
                if (!CompareBytearrays(seq, SeqOID))    //make sure Sequence for OID is correct
                    return null;

                twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();
                if (twobytes == 0x8103) //data read as little endian order (actual data order for Bit String is 03 81)
                    binr.ReadByte();    //advance 1 byte
                else if (twobytes == 0x8203)
                    binr.ReadInt16();   //advance 2 bytes
                else
                    return null;

                bt = binr.ReadByte();
                if (bt != 0x00)     //expect null byte next
                    return null;

                twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();
                if (twobytes == 0x8130) //data read as little endian order (actual data order for Sequence is 30 81)
                    binr.ReadByte();    //advance 1 byte
                else if (twobytes == 0x8230)
                    binr.ReadInt16();   //advance 2 bytes
                else
                    return null;

                twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();
                byte lowbyte = 0x00;
                byte highbyte = 0x00;

                if (twobytes == 0x8102) //data read as little endian order (actual data order for Integer is 02 81)
                    lowbyte = binr.ReadByte();  // read next bytes which is bytes in modulus
                else if (twobytes == 0x8202)
                {
                    highbyte = binr.ReadByte(); //advance 2 bytes
                    lowbyte = binr.ReadByte();
                }
                else
                    return null;
                byte[] modint = { lowbyte, highbyte, 0x00, 0x00 };   //reverse byte order since asn.1 key uses big endian order
                int modsize = BitConverter.ToInt32(modint, 0);

                byte firstbyte = binr.ReadByte();
                binr.BaseStream.Seek(-1, SeekOrigin.Current);

                if (firstbyte == 0x00)
                {   //if first byte (highest order) of modulus is zero, don't include it
                    binr.ReadByte();    //skip this null byte
                    modsize -= 1;   //reduce modulus buffer size by 1
                }

                byte[] modulus = binr.ReadBytes(modsize);   //read the modulus bytes

                if (binr.ReadByte() != 0x02)            //expect an Integer for the exponent data
                    return null;
                int expbytes = (int)binr.ReadByte();        // should only need one byte for actual exponent data (for all useful values)
                byte[] exponent = binr.ReadBytes(expbytes);

                // ------- create RSACryptoServiceProvider instance and initialize with public key -----
                RSACryptoServiceProvider RSA = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
                RSAParameters RSAKeyInfo = new RSAParameters();
                RSAKeyInfo.Modulus = modulus;
                RSAKeyInfo.Exponent = exponent;
                RSA.ImportParameters(RSAKeyInfo);
                return RSA;
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
                return null;
            }

            finally { binr.Close(); }

        }

Just call the 'RSA' method with the text you want to encrypt and you're done.

5 Answers

As of .Net 5.0 you can import an RSA public key from a string like so:

var rsaPublicKey = RSA.Create();
rsaPublicKey.ImportFromPem(publicKeyString);

If you don't know how to read a file to a string see

How to read an entire file to a string using C#?

string private_key = File.ReadAllText(private_key_file).Trim();
Regex regex = new Regex(@"-----(BEGIN|END) (RSA|OPENSSH|ENCRYPTED) PRIVATE KEY-----[\W]*");
string private_key_base64 = regex.Replace(private_key, "");
byte[] bytes_privake_key = Convert.FromBase64String(private_key_base64);
rsa.ImportRSAPrivateKey(new ReadOnlySpan<byte>(bytes_privake_key), out bytesRead);
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