CSS3 zooming on mouse cursor

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My goal is to create a plugin that enables zooming & panning operations on a page area, just like how Google Maps currently works (meaning: scrolling with the mouse = zooming in/out of the area, click & hold & move & release = panning).

When scrolling, I wish to have a zoom operation centered on the mouse cursor.

For this, I use on-the-fly CSS3 matrix transformations. The only, yet mandatory, constraint is that I cannot use anything else than CSS3 translate & scale transformations, with a transform origin of 0px 0px.

Panning is out of the scope of my question, since I have it working already. When it comes to zooming, I am struggling to figure out where the glitch is in my Javascript code.

The problem must be somewhere in the MouseZoom.prototype.zoom function, in the calculation of the translation on the x axis and y axis.

First, here is my HTML code:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width = device-width, initial-scale = 1.0, user-scalable = no" />
    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black" />
    <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.2/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <script src="jquery.mousewheel.min.js"></script>
    <script src="StackOverflow.js"></script>
    <style type="text/css" media="all">
        #drawing {
            position: absolute;
            top: 0px; 
            left: 0px; 
            right:0; 
            bottom:0;
            z-index: 0;
            background: url(http://catmacros.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/cats_banzai.jpg) no-repeat;
            background-position: 50% 50%;
        }
    </style>
    <title>Test</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="drawing"></div>
    <script>
        var renderer = new ZoomPanRenderer("drawing");
    </script>
</body>
</html>

As you can see, I am using Jquery and the jquery mouse wheel plugin from Brandon Aaron, which can be found here: https://github.com/brandonaaron/jquery-mousewheel/

Here is the content of the StackOverflow.js file:

/***************************************************** 
 * Transformations
 ****************************************************/
function Transformations(translateX, translateY, scale){
    this.translateX = translateX;
    this.translateY = translateY;
    this.scale = scale;
}

/* Getters */
Transformations.prototype.getScale = function(){ return this.scale; }
Transformations.prototype.getTranslateX = function(){ return this.translateX; }
Transformations.prototype.getTranslateY = function(){ return this.translateY; }

/***************************************************** 
 * Zoom Pan Renderer
 ****************************************************/
function ZoomPanRenderer(elementId){
    this.zooming = undefined;
    this.elementId = elementId;
    this.current = new Transformations(0, 0, 1);
    this.last = new Transformations(0, 0, 1);
    new ZoomPanEventHandlers(this);
}

/* setters */
ZoomPanRenderer.prototype.setCurrentTransformations = function(t){ this.current = t; }
ZoomPanRenderer.prototype.setZooming = function(z){ this.zooming = z; }

/* getters */
ZoomPanRenderer.prototype.getCurrentTransformations = function(){ return this.current; }
ZoomPanRenderer.prototype.getZooming = function(){ return this.zooming; }
ZoomPanRenderer.prototype.getLastTransformations = function(){ return this.last; }
ZoomPanRenderer.prototype.getElementId = function(){ return this.elementId; }

/* Rendering */
ZoomPanRenderer.prototype.getTransform3d = function(t){
    var transform3d = "matrix3d(";
    transform3d+= t.getScale().toFixed(10) + ",0,0,0,";
    transform3d+= "0," + t.getScale().toFixed(10) + ",0,0,";
    transform3d+= "0,0,1,0,";
    transform3d+= t.getTranslateX().toFixed(10) + "," + t.getTranslateY().toFixed(10)  + ",0,1)";
    return transform3d;
}

ZoomPanRenderer.prototype.getTransform2d = function(t){
    var transform3d = "matrix(";
    transform3d+= t.getScale().toFixed(10) + ",0,0," + t.getScale().toFixed(10) + "," + t.getTranslateX().toFixed(10) + "," + t.getTranslateY().toFixed(10) + ")";
    return transform3d;
}

ZoomPanRenderer.prototype.applyTransformations = function(t){
    var elem = $("#" + this.getElementId());
    elem.css("transform-origin", "0px 0px");
    elem.css("-ms-transform-origin", "0px 0px");
    elem.css("-o-transform-origin", "0px 0px");
    elem.css("-moz-transform-origin", "0px 0px");
    elem.css("-webkit-transform-origin", "0px 0px");
    var transform2d = this.getTransform2d(t);
    elem.css("transform", transform2d);
    elem.css("-ms-transform", transform2d);
    elem.css("-o-transform", transform2d);
    elem.css("-moz-transform", transform2d);
    elem.css("-webkit-transform", this.getTransform3d(t));
}

/***************************************************** 
 * Event handler
 ****************************************************/
function ZoomPanEventHandlers(renderer){
    this.renderer = renderer;
    
    /* Disable scroll overflow - safari */
    document.addEventListener('touchmove', function(e) { e.preventDefault(); }, false);
    
    /* Disable default drag opeartions on the element (FF makes it ready for save)*/
    $("#" + renderer.getElementId()).bind('dragstart', function(e) { e.preventDefault(); });
    
    /* Add mouse wheel handler */
    $("#" + renderer.getElementId()).bind("mousewheel", function(event, delta) {
        if(renderer.getZooming()==undefined){
            var offsetLeft = $("#" + renderer.getElementId()).offset().left;
            var offsetTop = $("#" + renderer.getElementId()).offset().top;
            var zooming = new MouseZoom(renderer.getCurrentTransformations(), event.pageX, event.pageY, offsetLeft, offsetTop, delta);
            renderer.setZooming(zooming);
            
            var newTransformation = zooming.zoom();
            renderer.applyTransformations(newTransformation);
            renderer.setCurrentTransformations(newTransformation);
            renderer.setZooming(undefined);
        }
        return false;
    });
}

/***************************************************** 
 * Mouse zoom
 ****************************************************/
function MouseZoom(t, mouseX, mouseY, offsetLeft, offsetTop, delta){
    this.current = t;
    this.offsetLeft = offsetLeft;
    this.offsetTop = offsetTop;
    this.mouseX = mouseX;
    this.mouseY = mouseY;
    this.delta = delta;
}

MouseZoom.prototype.zoom = function(){
    var previousScale = this.current.getScale();
    var newScale = previousScale + this.delta/5;
    if(newScale<1){
        newScale = 1;
    }
    var ratio = newScale / previousScale;
    
    var imageX = this.mouseX - this.offsetLeft;
    var imageY = this.mouseY - this.offsetTop;
    
    var previousTx = - this.current.getTranslateX() * previousScale;
    var previousTy = - this.current.getTranslateY() * previousScale;
    var previousDx = imageX * previousScale;
    var previousDy = imageY * previousScale;

    var newTx = (previousTx * ratio + previousDx * (ratio - 1)) / newScale;
    var newTy = (previousTy * ratio + previousDy * (ratio - 1)) / newScale;
    
    return new Transformations(-newTx, -newTy, newScale);
}
2 Answers

We made a react library for this: https://www.npmjs.com/package/react-map-interaction

It handles zooming and panning and works on both mobile and desktop.

The source is fairly short and readable, but to answer your question here more directly, we use this CSS transform:

const transform = `translate(${translation.x}px, ${translation.y}px) scale(${scale})`;
const style = {
    transform: transform,
    transformOrigin: '0 0 '
};

// render the div with that style

One of the primary tricks is properly calculating the diff between the initial pointer/mouse down state and the current state when a touch/mouse move occurs. When the mouse down occurs, capture the coordinates. Then on every mouse move (until a mouse up) calculate the diff in the distance. That diff is what you need to offset the translation by in order to make sure the initial point under your cursor is the focal point of the zoom.

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