How do I access private methods and private data members via reflection?

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I know that we can access private constructor via reflection as @Sanjay T. Sharma mentioned in his answer of my question: Does “instanceof Void” always return false?

However, @duffymo said:

you can access private everything with reflection - methods, constructors, data members, everything.

  1. How can I access the private methods and the private data members?
  2. Is it possible to access local variable via reflection?
  3. Is there a way to prevent anyone from accessing private constructors, methods, and data members?
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