Question mark and colon in statement. What does it mean?

What do the question mark (?) and colon (:) mean?

((OperationURL[1] == "GET") ? GetRequestSignature() : "")

It appears in the following statement:

string requestUri = _apiURL + "?e=" + OperationURL[0] + ((OperationURL[1] == "GET") ? GetRequestSignature() : "");