When to use different integer types?

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Programming languages (e.g. c, c++, and java) usually have several types for integer arithmetic:

  • signed and unsigned types
  • types of different size: short, int, long, long long
  • types of guaranteed and non guaranteed (i.e.implementation dependent) size:
    e.g. int32_t vs int (and I know that int32_t is not part of the language)

How would you summarize when one should use each of them?

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