How to detect encodings on signed integers in C?

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The ISO C standard allows three encoding methods for signed integers: two's complement, one's complement and sign/magnitude.

What's an efficient or good way to detect the encoding at runtime (or some other time if there's a better solution)? I want to know this so I can optimise a bignum library for the different possibilities.

I plan on calculating this and storing it in a variable each time the program runs so it doesn't have to be blindingly fast - I'm assuming the encoding won't change during the program run :-)

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