How do exceptions work (behind the scenes) in C#

Identical to "How do exceptions work (behind the scenes) in C++", but for C#.

I know that the steps below have to be performed when an exception is thrown.

1. Find the nearest handler for the exception type;
2. Unwind the stack up to the handler level;
3. Call the handler;
4. Find and call every finally blocks.

How does .NET handles these operations? How does the mapping for the "current" handlers work? How much code is emitted in a try/catch block? And in a throw block?