How to do live updating similar to Google Docs?

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I want to do something very similar to Google Doc's live updating - where all users can "immediately" see the actions of the other users in the doc.

To achieve this, my ideas so far:

  • Continuous AJAX requests being done in the background (this would seem performance-intensive)?
  • Surely there's not a way for the server to push notifications to all its clients and update them accordingly?
  • AJAX requests every X seconds with a buffer/time-lapse of actions to be accomplished in those X seconds (simulating a real-time effect)?

I would like to know others experience in trying to achieve this effect. What is the best way to do this?

All help is appreciated.

NOTE: I'm not specifically looking for a real-time document editing solution. I'm looking for a solution to the same concept of what Google does with their Docs. I will actually be using that solution in a slightly different manner.

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