What happens on the wire when a TLS / LDAP or TLS / HTTP connection is set up?

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I'm rewording my question so hopefully I can get a better response. I asked a similar question on serverfault here, and think that a proper and valid TLS server is one that expects the "STARTTLS" command.

Is it true that STARTTLS can be issued to a properly configured LDAP or HTTP TLS server without needing an extra port? I know that this is true from an SMTP perspective, but aren't sure how broadly I can apply those experiences to other protocols.

I've spent time reading (but not fully grasping)

Q: What happens on the wire right before the TLS over LDAP or HTTP session is set up? Since this is TCP based can I simply telnet to that port and issue some command to verify it's working (up to that point)?

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