What is the Android UiThread (UI thread)

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Can someone explain to me what exactly the UI thread is? On developer.android.com it says about the runOnUiThread function

public final void runOnUiThread (Runnable action)

Since: API Level 1 Runs the specified action on the UI thread. If the current thread is the UI thread, then the action is executed immediately. If the current thread is not the UI thread, the action is posted to the event queue of the UI thread.

Does the UI thread mean that this will be run everytime the activity is pushed the the background by some ui activity like incoming call or screen dimming etc.? If not, what exactly does the UI thread include ?

Thank you

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