What public APIs are provided by Governments to the public?

I stumbled across NOAA's SOAP Service and it got me thinking. What other eGovernment services are provided to Business and the general public by Governments? I know the United States has a lot APIs, but what about other governments like the European Union. I am interested in not just SOAP but any Remote Procedure Call (RPC) service available to the public over the internet. I am interested in more than just data sources, but other types of APIs as well.