Using Visual Studio project properties effectively for multiple projects and configurations

Fire_Lancer_6266 0
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I have always used Visual Studios built in GUI support for configuring my projects, often using property sheets so that several projects will use a common set.

One of my main gripes with this is managing multiple projects, configurations and platforms. If you just do everything with the main GUI (right click the project -> properties) it quickly becomes a mess, difficult to maintain and prone to bugs (like failing to correctly define some macro, or using the wrong runtime library, etc). Dealing with the fact that different people put there dependency libraries in different places (eg mine all live in "C:\Libs\[C,C++]\[lib-name]\") and then often manage the different versions of those libraries differently as well (release, debug, x86, x64, etc) is also a large problem since it vastly complicates the time to set it up on a new system, and then there is issues with version-control and keeping everyone's paths separate...

Property sheets make this a bit better, but I cant have one sheet have separate settings for different configurations and platforms (the drop down boxes a greyed out), resulting in me having many sheets which if inherited in the correct order do what I want ("x86", "x64", "debug", "release", "common", "directories" (deals with the previously mentioned dependency issue by defining user macros like BoostX86LibDir), etc) and if inherited in the wrong order (eg "common" before "x64" and "debug") lead to issues like trying to link an incorrect library version, or incorrectly naming the output...

What I want is a way of dealing with all these scattered dependencies and setting up a set of "rules" which are used by all my projects in the solution, like naming an output library as "mylib-[vc90,vc100]-[x86,x64][-d].lib", without having to do all this for each individual project, configuration and platform combination, and then keep them all correctly in sync.

I am aware of moving to entirely different systems like CMake that create the needed files, however this then complicates things elsewhere by making it so even simple tasks like adding a new file to the project then requires additional changes elsewhere, which is not something I am entirely happy with either, unless there is some with VS2010 integration which can keep track of these sorts of changes.

projects-and-solutions visual-studio-2010 visual-studio build c++
7 Answers

I made some improvements, may be useful for somebody

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
  <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros">
    <!--IsDebug: search for 'Debug' in Configuration-->
    <IsDebug>$([System.Convert]::ToString( $([System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex]::IsMatch($(Configuration), '[Dd]ebug'))))</IsDebug>

    <!--ShortPlatform-->
    <ShortPlatform Condition="'$(Platform)' == 'Win32'">x86</ShortPlatform>
    <ShortPlatform Condition="'$(Platform)' == 'x64'">x64</ShortPlatform>

    <!--build parameters-->
    <BUILD_DIR>$(registry:HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\MyCompany\@BUILD_DIR)</BUILD_DIR>
  </PropertyGroup>

  <Choose>
    <When Condition="$([System.Convert]::ToBoolean($(IsDebug)))">
      <!-- debug macroses -->
      <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros">
        <MyOutDirBase>Debug</MyOutDirBase>
        <DebugSuffix>-d</DebugSuffix>
      </PropertyGroup>
    </When>
    <Otherwise>
      <!-- other/release macroses -->
      <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros">
        <MyOutDirBase>Release</MyOutDirBase>
        <DebugSuffix></DebugSuffix>
      </PropertyGroup>
    </Otherwise>
  </Choose>

  <Choose>
    <When Condition="Exists($(BUILD_DIR))">
      <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros">
        <MyOutDir>$(BUILD_DIR)\Bin\$(MyOutDirBase)_$(ShortPlatform)\</MyOutDir>
        <MyIntDir>$(BUILD_DIR)\Build\$(Configuration)_$(ShortPlatform)_$(PlatformToolset)\$(ProjectGuid)\</MyIntDir>
      </PropertyGroup>
    </When>
    <Otherwise>
      <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros">
        <MyOutDir>$(SolutionDir)\Bin\$(MyOutDirBase)_$(ShortPlatform)\</MyOutDir>
        <MyIntDir>$(SolutionDir)\Build\$(Configuration)_$(ShortPlatform)_$(PlatformToolset)\$(ProjectGuid)\</MyIntDir>
      </PropertyGroup>
    </Otherwise>
  </Choose>

  <PropertyGroup>
    <OutDir>$(MyOutDir)</OutDir>
    <IntDir>$(MyIntDir)</IntDir>
<!-- some common for projects
    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
    <LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
--> 
  </PropertyGroup>
</Project>

have fun!

user_6027190

I had same pain for the product of my company (200+ projects) before. The way I solved it is to build a nice hierarchy of the property sheets.

The projects inherits the property sheet by its output type, say x64.Debug.Dynamic.Library.vsprops. This vsprops file simply inherits other property sheets using the InheritedPropertySheets attribute

<VisualStudioPropertySheet
    ProjectType="Visual C++"
    Version="8.00"
    Name="x64.Debug.Dynamic.Binary"
    InheritedPropertySheets=".\Common.vsprops;.\x64.vsprops;.\Debug.vsprops;.\Runtime.Debug.Dynamic.vsprops;.\Output.x64.Library.vsprops"
    >

You can also use variables (i.e. UserMacro, whose value can be absolute or even environment variables) in property sheets to customize a lot of things based on your need. For example, defining a BIN variable in Debug.vsprops

<UserMacro name="BIN" Value="Debug" />

then when you set the output name in the series of vsprops, say, Output.x64.Library.vsprops

<VisualStudioPropertySheet
    ProjectType="Visual C++"
    Version="8.00"
    OutputDirectory="$(BIN)"
>

The $(BIN) variable will be expanded to what's been set (in this case, Debug). Use this technique you can easily construct a nice hierarchy of property sheets to meet your demand.

Now there's one more thing you might want to do: build your own project templates that uses your property sheet set. The real difficult part is to enforce proper usage of the templates and property sheets. My personal experience is that even if everything is setup, somebody will still forget to use the template to create new projects ...

user_5664890

It is possible to create a separate property sheet for each configuration. To do this:

  1. Create a configuration-specific property sheet
  2. Open the Property Manager
  3. Right click the configuration (not the project) that you would like to modify
  4. Click "Add Existing Property Sheet" and add your sheet

This relieves you from inserting conditions into a single sheet for multiple configurations. If you have some common attributes that you would like to share between configurations, then create a hierarchy. The top sheet can be used in all configurations and the nested sheets will only contain the configuration-specific attribut

user_11933420

It sounds like it could be worth checking out a build tool - at my place we use a custom made tool that watches files and projects for changes and figures the dependencies and compile order. Adding a new file is no big deal - compilation is done with msbuild.

If i had to compile more than a bunch of projects I would use something like nant: http://nant.sourceforge.net/

user_4474530

If you want to define some UserMacros which should be valid for the entire solution:

  1. Create a solution-global.props file in your solution root folder

  2. Define there your UserMacros:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
  <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" >
    <CommonUtilsDir>$(SolutionDir)Common\Utils\</CommonUtilsDir>
    <DriverBaseDir>$(SolutionDir)Common\DriverBase\</DriverBaseDir>
  </PropertyGroup>
</Project>

  3. insert in each *.vcxproj file in which you want to use your custom macros this line:

    <Import Project="$(SolutionDir)solution-global.props" />

  4. Use your custom macro:

    <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$(CommonUtilsDir)\Source;%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>

Works in VS2015

user_35868510
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