Append values to a set in Python

This question is the first one that shows up on Google when one looks up "Python how to add elements to set", so it's worth noting explicitly that, if you want to add a whole string to a set, it should be added with .add(), not .update().

Say you have a string foo_str whose contents are 'this is a sentence', and you have some set bar_set equal to set().

If you do bar_set.update(foo_str), the contents of your set will be {'t', 'a', ' ', 'e', 's', 'n', 'h', 'c', 'i'}.

If you do bar_set.add(foo_str), the contents of your set will be {'this is a sentence'}.

The way I like to do this is to convert both the original set and the values I'd like to add into lists, add them, and then convert them back into a set, like this:

setMenu = {"Eggs", "Bacon"}
print(setMenu)
> {'Bacon', 'Eggs'}
setMenu = set(list(setMenu) + list({"Spam"}))
print(setMenu)
> {'Bacon', 'Spam', 'Eggs'}
setAdditions = {"Lobster", "Sausage"}
setMenu = set(list(setMenu) + list(setAdditions))
print(setMenu)
> {'Lobster', 'Spam', 'Eggs', 'Sausage', 'Bacon'}

This way I can also easily add multiple sets using the same logic, which gets me an TypeError: unhashable type: 'set' if I try doing it with the .update() method.

For me, in Python 3, it's working simply in this way:

keep = keep.union((0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10))

I don't know if it may be correct...

keep.update((0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10))

Or

keep.update(np.arange(11))

I just wanted to add a quick note here. So I was looking for the fastest method among the three methods.

1. Using the set.add() function
2. Using the set.update() function
3. Using the "|" operator function.

I find it out that to add either a single value or multiple values to a set you have to use the set.add() function. It is the most efficient method among the others.

So I ran a test and Here is the result:

1. set.add() Took: 0.5208224999951199
2. set.update() Took: 0.6461397000239231 `
3. "|" operator` Took: 0.7649438999942504