How to model type-safe enum types?

Starting from Scala 3, there is now enum keyword which can represent a set of constants (and other use cases)

enum Color:
   case Red, Green, Blue

scala> val red = Color.Red
val red: Color = Red
scala> red.ordinal
val res0: Int = 0

In Scala it is very comfortable with https://github.com/lloydmeta/enumeratum

Project is really good with examples and documentation

Just this example from their docs should makes you interested in

import enumeratum._

sealed trait Greeting extends EnumEntry

object Greeting extends Enum[Greeting] {

  /*
   `findValues` is a protected method that invokes a macro to find all `Greeting` object declarations inside an `Enum`

   You use it to implement the `val values` member
  */
  val values = findValues

  case object Hello   extends Greeting
  case object GoodBye extends Greeting
  case object Hi      extends Greeting
  case object Bye     extends Greeting

}

// Object Greeting has a `withName(name: String)` method
Greeting.withName("Hello")
// => res0: Greeting = Hello

Greeting.withName("Haro")
// => java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Haro is not a member of Enum (Hello, GoodBye, Hi, Bye)

// A safer alternative would be to use `withNameOption(name: String)` method which returns an Option[Greeting]
Greeting.withNameOption("Hello")
// => res1: Option[Greeting] = Some(Hello)

Greeting.withNameOption("Haro")
// => res2: Option[Greeting] = None

// It is also possible to use strings case insensitively
Greeting.withNameInsensitive("HeLLo")
// => res3: Greeting = Hello

Greeting.withNameInsensitiveOption("HeLLo")
// => res4: Option[Greeting] = Some(Hello)

// Uppercase-only strings may also be used
Greeting.withNameUppercaseOnly("HELLO")
// => res5: Greeting = Hello

Greeting.withNameUppercaseOnlyOption("HeLLo")
// => res6: Option[Greeting] = None

// Similarly, lowercase-only strings may also be used
Greeting.withNameLowercaseOnly("hello")
// => res7: Greeting = Hello

Greeting.withNameLowercaseOnlyOption("hello")
// => res8: Option[Greeting] = Some(Hello)