How can I set up a simple test with Cabal?

Question

I have a Haskell project and Cabal package-description that allows me to build and install my package with

$ cabal configure
$ cabal build
$ cabal install

But what about cabal test? Cabal's help says to configure a test suite with UserHooks, but how can I do that?

user_123109 · Answer

For one approach, see Setting up a simple test with Cabal.

This approach has drawbacks, and there's an open Cabal ticket that suggests being able to specify tests more directly, e.g.,

test
  test-is: Test
  build-depends: QuickCheck
  hs-source-dirs: tests src