How to get a list of column names

SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master
WHERE tbl_name = 'table_name' AND type = 'table'

Then parse this value with Reg Exp (it's easy) which could looks similar to this: [(.*?)]

Alternatively you can use:

PRAGMA table_info(table_name)

Yes, you can achieve this by using the following commands:

sqlite> .headers on
sqlite> .mode column

The result of a select on your table will then look like:

id          foo         bar         age         street      address
----------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ----------
1           val1        val2        val3        val4        val5
2           val6        val7        val8        val9        val10

You can use pragma related commands in sqlite like below

pragma table_info("table_name")
--Alternatively
select * from pragma_table_info("table_name")

If you require column names like id|foo|bar|age|street|address, basically your answer is in below query.

select group_concat(name,'|') from pragma_table_info("table_name")

Use a recursive query. Given

create table t (a int, b int, c int);

Run:

with recursive
  a (cid, name) as (select cid, name from pragma_table_info('t')),
  b (cid, name) as (
    select cid, '|' || name || '|' from a where cid = 0
    union all
    select a.cid, b.name || a.name || '|' from a join b on a.cid = b.cid + 1
  )
select name
from b
order by cid desc
limit 1;

Alternatively, just use group_concat:

select '|' || group_concat(name, '|') || '|' from pragma_table_info('t')

Both yield:

|a|b|c|

Using @Tarkus's answer, here are the regexes I used in R:

getColNames <- function(conn, tableName) {
    x <- dbGetQuery( conn, paste0("SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE tbl_name = '",tableName,"' AND type = 'table'") )[1,1]
    x <- str_split(x,"\\n")[[1]][-1]
    x <- sub("[()]","",x)
    res <- gsub( '"',"",str_extract( x[1], '".+"' ) )
    x <- x[-1]
    x <- x[-length(x)]
    res <- c( res, gsub( "\\t", "", str_extract( x, "\\t[0-9a-zA-Z_]+" ) ) )
    res
}

Code is somewhat sloppy, but it appears to work.

Easiest way to get the column names of the most recently executed SELECT is to use the cursor's description property. A Python example:

print_me = "("
for description in cursor.description:
    print_me += description[0] + ", "
print(print_me[0:-2] + ')')
# Example output: (inp, output, reason, cond_cnt, loop_likely)