How to find the ComponentID of the component in MSI programmatically?

You can retrieve component table to fetch componentIds. Here is the installscript code:

    hDB = MsiGetActiveDatabase(hMSI);

// open view into Component table

MsiDatabaseOpenView(hDB, "SELECT 'ComponentId' FROM `Component` WHERE `Component`='<Component_name>'", hViewlist);

MsiViewExecute(hViewlist, NULL);
    
while (MsiViewFetch(hViewlist, hRecordlist) = ERROR_SUCCESS)
     
       //     perform your operations   
endwhile;
    
MsiViewClose(hViewlist);