You can use a combination of functions, it may not be pretty, but it does the work
- Replace any instance of
v with an empty string using substitute, by making the content of the cell upper case, if we don't put UPPER(CELL) we could exclude any upper case V or lower case v(it will depend which function you use)
SUBSTITUTE(text_to_search, search_for, replace_with, [occurrence_number])
=SUBSTITUTE(UPPER(A1),"V","")

- Look for cell missing the last block
.xxx, you need to update a bit your regex to specified that the last group it's not present
^([0-9]{1}\.[0-9]{1,3} ( \.[0-9]{1,3}){0} )$
REGEXMATCH(text, regular_expression)
CONCATENATE(string1, [string2, ...])
=IF(REGEXMATCH(substitute(upper(A2),"V",""),"^([0-9]{1}\.[0-9]{1,3}(\.[0-9]{1,3}){0})$"),concatenate(A2,".0"), A2)

- The last
A2 will be replace with something similar than what we have until now, but before that we need to make small change in the regex, we want to look for the groups you specified were the last group it's present, that's your orignal regex, if it meets the regex it will put it in the cell, otherwise it will put INVALID, you can change that to anything you want it to be
^([0-9]{1}.[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3})$
This it's the piece we are putting instead of the last A2
IF(REGEXMATCH(substitute(upper(A2),"V",""),"^([0-9]{1}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3})$"),substitute(upper(A2),"V",""),"INVALID")
With this the final code to put in your cell will be:
=IF(REGEXMATCH(substitute(upper(A2),"V",""),"^([0-9]{1}\.[0-9]{1,3}(\.[0-9]{1,3}){0})$"),concatenate(A2,".0"),IF(REGEXMATCH(substitute(upper(A2),"V",""),"^([0-9]{1}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3})$"),substitute(upper(A2),"V",""),"INVALID"))
