How to Display the async/throw functions return value inside the textView?

Imagine that you had a helpful assistant who knows how to take a location and return a city name to you, but it takes him a while to do it.

Now you are a very busy person, so you are going to do some work up to the point that you need to identify a location. You write down the information on a piece of paper and you hand it to your assistant. He hops on a bike to find the answer while you get back to work. You work until he returns and hands you the answer.

That's what your function is doing. It runs up to the point that you call geoCoder.reverseGeocodeLocation then it sends the location off to another processing thread that will look up the information. The current thread keeps running without waiting for an answer. It runs the if(city name) block at the same time the other thread is doing its work.

When that other thread is done, geoCoder.reverseGeocodeLocation calls your completionHandler code with the result.

This is a fundamental idea of concurrency and your question suggests it caught you by surprise. You may need to do some background reading on Asynchronous coding for Apple systems.

The geoCoder.reverseGeocodeLocation calls its completion handler asynchronously (i.e., later). So, there are two common patterns:

1. Use traditional completion handler patterns. E.g.:

   func reverseGeocode(lat: Double, lon: Double, completion: @escaping (Result<CLPlacemark, Error>) -> Void) {
       let geoCoder = CLGeocoder()
       let location = CLLocation(latitude: lat, longitude: lon) // <- New York
   
       geoCoder.reverseGeocodeLocation(location) { (placemarks, error) in
           guard
               error == nil,
               let placemark = placemarks?.first
           else {
               completion(.failure(error ?? CLError(.geocodeFoundNoResult)))
               return
           }
   
           completion(.success(placemark))
       }
   }
   

   And you would call it like so:

   reverseGeocode(lat: 31, lon: 32) { result in
       switch result {
       case .failure(let error):     print(error)
       case .success(let placemark): print(placemark.locality ?? "Unknown")
       }
   }
   

2. Use modern Swift concurrency, e.g.,

   func reverseGeocode(lat: Double, lon: Double) async throws -> CLPlacemark {
       let geoCoder = CLGeocoder()
       let location = CLLocation(latitude: lat, longitude: lon) // <- New York
   
       return try await withCheckedThrowingContinuation { continuation in
           geoCoder.reverseGeocodeLocation(location) { (placemarks, error) in
               guard
                   error == nil,
                   let placemark = placemarks?.first
               else {
                   continuation.resume(throwing: error ?? CLError(.geocodeFoundNoResult))
                   return
               }
   
               continuation.resume(returning: placemark)
           }
       }
   }
   

   And you would call it like so:

   Task {
       var placemark = try await reverseGeocode(lat: 31, lon: 32)
       print(placemark.locality ?? "Unknown")
   }
   

Now, in both of those examples, I am returning the entire CLPlacemark. You could change these to return the String of just locality or county based upon your cityName Boolean, but the basic idea would be the same. Use completion handler or async pattern to handle the return of the asynchronously retrieved information.

In your revised question, you ask for an example of how to use this in SwiftUI. You could, for example, use .task { ... }:

struct ContentView: View {
    @ObservedObject var viewModel = CityViewModel()

    var body: some View {
        VStack {
            Spacer()
            ForEach(viewModel.results) { result in
                Text(result.name)
            }
            Spacer()
        }
        .padding()
        .task {
            try? await viewModel.search()
        }
    }
}

And I'd put the business logic in the view model, not the view:

@MainActor
class CityViewModel: ObservableObject {
    var coordinates = [
        CLLocationCoordinate2D(latitude: 31, longitude: 32),
        CLLocationCoordinate2D(latitude: 40.7, longitude: -74),
        CLLocationCoordinate2D(latitude: 34.05, longitude: -118.25)
    ]

    @Published var results: [CityResult] = []

    private let geocoder = CLGeocoder()

    func search() async throws {
        for coordinate in coordinates {
            let placemark = try await reverseGeocode(coordinate)
            results.append(CityResult(name: placemark.locality ?? "Not found"))
        }
    }

    private func reverseGeocode(_ coordinate: CLLocationCoordinate2D) async throws -> CLPlacemark {
        let location = CLLocation(latitude: coordinate.latitude, longitude: coordinate.longitude)

        return try await withCheckedThrowingContinuation { continuation in
            geocoder.reverseGeocodeLocation(location) { (placemarks, error) in
                guard
                    error == nil,
                    let placemark = placemarks?.first(where: { $0.locality != nil })
                else {
                    continuation.resume(throwing: error ?? CLError(.geocodeFoundNoResult))
                    return
                }

                continuation.resume(returning: placemark)
            }
        }
    }
}

struct CityResult: Identifiable {
    var id: String { name }
    let name: String
}

But don't get lost too in the details here, as your example will undoubtedly vary. The idea is to use .task to start the asynchronous task, which can update some observable property.