Since writeFile is destructured at import time instead of being consistently referred as fs.promises.writeFile method, it cannot be affected with spyOn.

It should be mocked as any other module:

jest.mock("fs", () => ({
  promises: {
    writeFile: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(),
    readFile: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(),
  },
}));

const fs = require("fs");

...

await createNewFile();
expect(fs.promises.writeFile).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);

It make sense to mock fs scarcely because unmocked functions provide side effects and potentially have negative impact on test environment.

I know this is an old thread, but in my case, I wanted to handle different results from readFile (or writeFile in your case). So I used the solution Estus Flask suggested with the difference that I handle each implementation of readFile in each test, instead of using mockResolvedValue.

I'm also using typescript.

import { getFile } from './configFiles';

import fs from 'fs';
jest.mock('fs', () => {
  return {
    promises: {
      readFile: jest.fn()
    }
  };
});

describe('getFile', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
      jest.resetAllMocks();
   });

   it('should return results from file', async () => {
      const mockReadFile = (fs.promises.readFile as jest.Mock).mockImplementation(async () =>
        Promise.resolve(JSON.stringify('some-json-value'))
      );

      const res = await getFile('some-path');

      expect(mockReadFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith('some-path', { encoding: 'utf-8' });

      expect(res).toMatchObject('some-json-value');
   });

   it('should gracefully handle error', async () => {
      const mockReadFile = (fs.promises.readFile as jest.Mock).mockImplementation(async () =>
        Promise.reject(new Error('not found'))
      );

      const res = await getFile('some-path');

      expect(mockReadFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith('some-path', { encoding: 'utf-8' });

      expect(res).toMatchObject('whatever-your-fallback-is');
   });
});

Note that I had to cast fs.promises.readFile as jest.Mock in order to make it work for TS.

Also, my configFiles.ts looks like this:

import { promises as fsPromises } from 'fs';

const readConfigFile = async (filePath: string) => {
  const res = await fsPromises.readFile(filePath, { encoding: 'utf-8' });
  return JSON.parse(res);
};

export const getFile = async (path: string): Promise<MyType[]> => {
  try {
    const fileName = 'some_config.json';
    return readConfigFile(`${path}/${fileName}`);
  } catch (e) {
    // some fallback value
    return [{}];
  }
};

Mock "fs/promises" async functions in jest

Here is a simple example using fs.readdir(), but it would also apply to any of the other async fs/promises functions.

files.service.test.js

import fs from "fs/promises";
import FileService from "./files.service";

jest.mock("fs/promises");

describe("FileService", () => {
  var fileService: FileService;

  beforeEach(() => {
    // Create a brand new FileService before running each test
    fileService = new FileService();

    // Reset mocks
    jest.resetAllMocks();
  });

  describe("getJsonFiles", () => {
    it("throws an error if reading the directory fails", async () => {
      // Mock the rejection error
      fs.readdir = jest.fn().mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error("mock error"));

      // Call the function to get the promise
      const promise = fileService.getJsonFiles({ folderPath: "mockPath", logActions: false });

      expect(fs.readdir).toHaveBeenCalled();
      await expect(promise).rejects.toEqual(new Error("mock error"));
    });

    it("returns an array of the .json file name strings in the test directory (and not any other files)", async () => {
      const allPotentialFiles = ["non-json.txt", "test-json-1.json", "test-json-2.json"];
      const onlyJsonFiles = ["test-json-1.json", "test-json-2.json"];

      // Mock readdir to return all potential files from the dir
      fs.readdir = jest.fn().mockResolvedValueOnce(allPotentialFiles);

      // Get the promise
      const promise = fileService.getJsonFiles({ folderPath: "mockPath", logActions: false });

      expect(fs.readdir).toBeCalled();
      await expect(promise).resolves.toEqual(onlyJsonFiles); // function should only return the json files
    });
  });
});

files.service.ts

import fs from "fs/promises";

export default class FileService {
  constructor() {}

  async getJsonFiles(args: FilesListArgs): Promise<string[]> {
    const { folderPath, logActions } = args;
    try {
      // Get list of all files
      const files = await fs.readdir(folderPath);

      // Filter to only include JSON files
      const jsonFiles = files.filter((file) => {
        return file.includes(".json");
      });

      return jsonFiles;
    } catch (e) {
      throw e;
    }
  }
}