Helm is very flexible and allow you to install from the repository and also locally.
What you are trying is to edit a values.yaml from something that is in a remote repository and this is not possible.
What you need to do is to clone the repository to your local storage and than use it locally.
Example:
Lets assume you want to use NGINX Controller that is available in the official Helm Repository.
The official Helm repo URL is https://kubernetes-charts.storage.googleapis.com. This repo is mainteined on GitHub and it's URL is https://github.com/helm/charts.
So the best approach is to clone the official repo github and work on it locally.
$ git clone https://github.com/helm/charts.git
This is going to copy all data from the github repository to your local storage under chart directory.
If you inspect the structure you will find NGINX Ingress under /charts/stable/nginx-ingress and if you list the content of this directory you can find values.yaml.
$ ls -la
total 88
drwxr-xr-x 4 christofoletti christofoletti 4096 Jul 16 08:20 .
drwxr-xr-x 283 christofoletti christofoletti 12288 Jul 16 08:20 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 christofoletti christofoletti 539 Jul 16 08:20 Chart.yaml
drwxr-xr-x 2 christofoletti christofoletti 4096 Jul 16 08:20 ci
-rw-r--r-- 1 christofoletti christofoletti 333 Jul 16 08:20 .helmignore
-rw-r--r-- 1 christofoletti christofoletti 76 Jul 16 08:20 OWNERS
-rw-r--r-- 1 christofoletti christofoletti 31130 Jul 16 08:20 README.md
drwxr-xr-x 3 christofoletti christofoletti 4096 Jul 16 08:20 templates
-rw-r--r-- 1 christofoletti christofoletti 16771 Jul 16 08:20 values.yaml
After making all changes you need/want, you can install it using helm as follows from inside charts directory:
user@minikube:~/charts/stable/nginx-ingress$ cd ../../
user@minikube:~/charts$ helm install --name my-release stable/nginx-ingress
So as you can see, you have to identify where are the sources of the repository you are using to e able to clone it.
If you have trouble to identify it, please let me know so I can try to identify.