Just thought I'd chime in here.
post.post_content contains the raw data that is contained in the database (before any filters have been applied to it) and post.content contains the data after the filters have been applied, so using the filter |shortcodes shouldn't be needed to be run on that.
I was using post.post_content for some reason and found this question because I was trying to figure out why my shortcodes weren't working and hence it led me to do some more research.
Now, reading the answers in this question, I wasn't really satisfied with as I had also been using |e('wp_kses_post') to sanatise the data that I output, but if I used something like this:
{{ post.content|wpautop|e('wp_kses_post') }}
...then obviously I would get the correct filtered data with the shortcodes processed, but it would also at the same time strip out any non-allowed data with the e('wp_kses_post') filter.
Sure, you could add allowable tags within this filter, but obviously that isn't very realistic as you don't know exactly what output the shortcodes will be outputting nor do you want to keep updating it.
So, we had a problem... we want to allow shortcodes to be parsed, but also sanatise the content at the same time - what to do!?
The solution is the below:
{{ post.post_content|wpautop|e('wp_kses_post')|apply_filters('the_content') }}
Here we use post.post_content so we have the content before it has been filtered, then after the wpautop filter it is followed by e('wp_kses_post'); this will sanatise the data, but the important part being it will leave shortcodes alone, so they can be still be filtered!
Lastly, we apply the filters for the content with the apply_filters filter, and this then takes care of all the filters applied to the_content including parsing the shortcodes.
Though if you are already using universal escaping you will have to consider how the above will apply to your situation.