Aliases in Windows command prompt

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I have added notepad++.exe to my Path in Environment variables.

Now in command prompt, notepad++.exe filename.txt opens the filename.txt. But I want to do just np filename.txt to open the file.

I tried using DOSKEY np=notepad++. But it is just bringing to the forefront an already opened notepad++ without opening the file. How can I make it open the file?

Thanks.

19 Answers

You want to create an alias by simply typing:

c:\>alias kgs kubectl get svc

Created alias for kgs=kubectl get svc

And use the alias as follows:

c:\>kgs alfresco-svc

NAME           TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
alfresco-svc   ClusterIP   10.7.249.219   <none>        80/TCP    8d

Just add the following alias.bat file to you path. It simply creates additional batch files in the same directory as itself.

  @echo off
  echo.
  for /f "tokens=1,* delims= " %%a in ("%*") do set ALL_BUT_FIRST=%%b
  echo @echo off > C:\Development\alias-script\%1.bat
  echo echo. >> C:\Development\alias-script\%1.bat
  echo %ALL_BUT_FIRST% %%* >> C:\Development\alias-script\%1.bat
  echo Created alias for %1=%ALL_BUT_FIRST%

An example of the batch file this created called kgs.bat is:

@echo off 
echo. 
kubectl get svc %* 

Naturally, I would not rest until I have the most convenient solution of all. Combining the very many answers and topics on the vast internet, here is what you can have.

  • Loads automatically with every instance of cmd
  • Doesn't require keyword DOSKEY for aliases
    example: ls=ls --color=auto $*

Note that this is largely based on Argyll's answer and comments, definitely read it to understand the concepts.

How to make it work?

  1. Create a mac macro file with the aliases
    you can even use a bat/cmd file to also run other stuff (similar to .bashrc in linux)
  2. Register it in Registry to run on each instance of cmd
      or run it via shortcut only if you want

Example steps:

%userprofile%/cmd/aliases.mac
;==============================================================================
;= This file is registered via registry to auto load with each instance of cmd.
;================================ general info ================================
;= https://stackoverflow.com/a/59978163/985454  -  how to set it up?
;= https://gist.github.com/postcog/5c8c13f7f66330b493b8  -  example doskey macrofile
;========================= loading with cmd shortcut ==========================
;= create a shortcut with the following target :
;= %comspec% /k "(doskey /macrofile=%userprofile%\cmd\aliases.mac)"

alias=subl %USERPROFILE%\cmd\aliases.mac
hosts=runas /noprofile /savecred /user:QWERTY-XPS9370\administrator "subl C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts" > NUL

p=@echo "~~ powercfg -devicequery wake_armed ~~" && powercfg -devicequery wake_armed && @echo "~~ powercfg -requests ~~ " && powercfg -requests && @echo "~~ powercfg -waketimers ~~"p && powercfg -waketimers

ls=ls --color=auto $*
ll=ls -l --color=auto $*
la=ls -la --color=auto $*
grep=grep --color $*

~=cd %USERPROFILE%
cdr=cd C:\repos
cde=cd C:\repos\esquire
cdd=cd C:\repos\dixons
cds=cd C:\repos\stekkie
cdu=cd C:\repos\uplus
cduo=cd C:\repos\uplus\oxbridge-fe
cdus=cd C:\repos\uplus\stratus

npx=npx --no-install $*
npxi=npx $*
npr=npm run $*

now=vercel $*


;=only in bash
;=alias whereget='_whereget() { A=$1; B=$2; shift 2; eval \"$(where $B | head -$A | tail -1)\" $@; }; _whereget'

history=doskey /history
;= h [SHOW | SAVE | TSAVE ]
h=IF ".$*." == ".." (echo "usage: h [ SHOW | SAVE | TSAVE ]" && doskey/history) ELSE (IF /I "$1" == "SAVE" (doskey/history $g$g %USERPROFILE%\cmd\history.log & ECHO Command history saved) ELSE (IF /I "$1" == "TSAVE" (echo **** %date% %time% **** >> %USERPROFILE%\cmd\history.log & doskey/history $g$g %USERPROFILE%\cmd\history.log & ECHO Command history saved) ELSE (IF /I "$1" == "SHOW" (type %USERPROFILE%\cmd\history.log) ELSE (doskey/history))))
loghistory=doskey /history >> %USERPROFILE%\cmd\history.log

;=exit=echo **** %date% %time% **** >> %USERPROFILE%\cmd\history.log & doskey/history $g$g %USERPROFILE%\cmd\history.log & ECHO Command history saved, exiting & timeout 1 & exit $*
exit=echo **** %date% %time% **** >> %USERPROFILE%\cmd\history.log & doskey/history $g$g %USERPROFILE%\cmd\history.log & exit $*

;============================= :end ============================
;= rem ******************************************************************
;= rem * EOF - Don't remove the following line.  It clears out the ';'
;= rem * macro. We're using it because there is no support for comments
;= rem * in a DOSKEY macro file.
;= rem ******************************************************************
;=

Now you have three options:

  • a) load manually with shortcut

    create a shortcut to cmd.exe with the following target :
    %comspec% /k "(doskey /macrofile=%userprofile%\cmd\aliases.mac)"

  • b) register just the aliases.mac macrofile

  • c) register a regular cmd/bat file to also run arbitrary commands
    see example cmdrc.cmd file at the bottom

note: Below, Autorun_ is just a placeholder key which will not do anything. Pick one and rename the other.

Manually edit registry at this path:

[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor]
  Autorun    REG_SZ    doskey /macrofile=%userprofile%\cmd\aliases.mac
  Autorun_    REG_SZ    %USERPROFILE%\cmd\cmdrc.cmd

Or import reg file:

%userprofile%/cmd/cmd-aliases.reg
Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor]
"Autorun"="doskey /macrofile=%userprofile%\\cmd\\aliases.mac"
"Autorun_"="%USERPROFILE%\\cmd\\cmdrc.cmd"
%userprofile%/cmd/cmdrc.cmd you don't need this file if you decided for b) above
:: This file is registered via registry to auto load with each instance of cmd.
:: https://stackoverflow.com/a/59978163/985454

@echo off
doskey /macrofile=%userprofile%\cmd\aliases.mac

:: put other commands here

Very easy custom aliases:

Make a new folder anywhere on your system. Make a new file called whatever you want to name the alias with the .cmd extention. Write all commands in the file, such as

cd /D D:\Folder
g++ -o run whatever.cpp

Copy it's the folder's path.

Go to Settings > System > About > Advanced system settings > Enviornment Variables...

Now find the Path variable under the System variables section. Click on it once and click Edit. Now click New and paste the copied text.

Click OK, OK and OK. Restart your Powershell/cmd prompt and voila, you got your persistent alias! You can use the same folder to make other aliases too without needing to change Path variable again!

First, you could create a file named np.cmd and put it in the folder which in PATH search list. Then, edit the np.cmd file as below:

@echo off
notepad++.exe

If you'd like to enable aliases on per-directory/per-project basis, try the following:

  1. First, create a batch file that will look for a file named aliases in the current directory and initialize aliases from it, let’s call it make-aliases.cmd

    @echo off
    if not exist aliases goto:eof
    echo [Loading aliases...]
    for /f "tokens=1* delims=^=" %%i in (aliases) do (
       echo   %%i ^<^=^> %%j
       doskey %%i=%%j
    )
    doskey aliases=doskey /macros
    echo   --------------------
    echo   aliases ^=^> list  all
    echo   alt+F10 ^=^> clear all
    echo [Done]
    
  2. Then, create aliases wherever you need them using the following format:

    alias1 = command1
    alias2 = command2
    ...
    

    for example:

    b = nmake
    c = nmake clean
    r = nmake rebuild
    
  3. Then, add the location of make-aliases.cmd to your %PATH% variable to make it system-wide or just keep it in a known place.

  4. Make it start automatically with cmd.

    • I would definitely advise against using HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\AutoRun for this, because some development tools would trigger the autorun script multiple times per session.

    • If you use ConEmu you could go another way and start the script from the startup task (Settings > Startup > Tasks), for example, I created an entry called {MSVC}:

      cmd.exe /k "vcvars64 && make-aliases",

      and then registered it in Explorer context menu via Settings > Integration> with Command: {MSVC} -cur_console:n, so that now I can right-click a folder and launch a VS developer prompt inside it with my aliases loaded automatically, if they happen to be in that folder.

      Without ConEmu, you may just want to create a shortcut to cmd.exe with the corresponding command or simply run make-aliases manually every time.

Should you happen to forget your aliases, use the aliases macro, and if anything goes wrong, just reset the current session by pressing Alt+F10, which is a built-in command in cmd.

As doskey does not work for PowerShell or Windows 10 terminal apps, I am sharing this solution.

Demo to create an alias in Windows 10. Alias to be expected with input parameters:

com=D:\website_development\laragon\bin\php\php-8.1.2-Win32-vs16-x64/php8 D:\website_development\laragon\bin\composer/composer.phar

Procedure:

  1. Create a folder named "scripts" in the C: drive.

  2. Inside the scripts folder, create com.bat

  3. Open com.bat

  4. Example for running composer command with specific PHP version:

    @echo off 
    set path=D:\website_development\laragon\bin\php\php-8.1.2-Win32-vs16-x64/php8 D:\website_development\laragon\bin\composer/composer.phar
    set args=%*
    set command=%path% %args%
    %command%
    
  5. Save it

  6. Click "Start"

  7. Search for "Edit Environment Variables"

  8. Click "Advanced"

  9. Add your "scripts" directory to PATH.

Now you can run the command as its alias.

Note: If you want to add a new alias, just create a new bat file.

My quick and dirty solution is to add a BAT file in any directory which is already in the PATH.

Example:

@ECHO OFF
doskey dl=aria2c --file-allocation=none $*
aria2c --file-allocation=none %**

So, the first time you run "dl" it will execute the bat file, but from the second time onwards it will use the alias.

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