Android - Share on Facebook, Twitter, Mail, ecc

yes you can ... you just need to know the exact package name of the application:

• Facebook - "com.facebook.katana"
• Twitter - "com.twitter.android"
• Instagram - "com.instagram.android"
• Pinterest - "com.pinterest"

And you can create the intent like this

Intent intent = context.getPackageManager().getLaunchIntentForPackage(application);
if (intent != null) {
     // The application exists
     Intent shareIntent = new Intent();
     shareIntent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
     shareIntent.setPackage(application);

     shareIntent.putExtra(android.content.Intent.EXTRA_TITLE, title);
     shareIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, description);
     // Start the specific social application
     context.startActivity(shareIntent);
} else {
    // The application does not exist
    // Open GooglePlay or use the default system picker
}

The ACTION_SEND will work correctly for all and it takes the Body of the text to wall in twitter, G mail.. but it fails For Face Book page... Its as known bug in the Facebook android SDK .. but still they haven't fixed it

This will help

1- First Define This Constants

 public static final String FACEBOOK_PACKAGE_NAME = "com.facebook.katana";
    public static final String TWITTER_PACKAGE_NAME = "com.twitter.android";
    public static final String INSTAGRAM_PACKAGE_NAME = "com.instagram.android";
    public static final String PINTEREST_PACKAGE_NAME = "com.pinterest";
    public static final String WHATS_PACKAGE_NAME =  "com.whatsapp";

2- Second Use This method

 public static void shareAppWithSocial(Context context, String application, String title, 
 String description) {

        Intent intent = new Intent();
        intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
        intent.setPackage(application);

        intent.putExtra(android.content.Intent.EXTRA_TITLE, title);
        intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, description);
        intent.setType("text/plain");

        try {
            // Start the specific social application
            context.startActivity(intent);
        } catch (android.content.ActivityNotFoundException ex) {
            // The application does not exist
            Toast.makeText(context, "app have not been installed.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }


    }

Create Choose Editable

Intent sendIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
            sendIntent.setType("text/plain");
            sendIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "My application name");
            String sAux = "\nLet me recommend you this application\n\n";
            sAux = sAux + "https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=the.package.id \n\n";
            sendIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, sAux);
            startActivity(Intent.createChooser(sendIntent, "choose one"));

==============================================================

Create Choose Default

            Intent sendIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
            sendIntent.setType("text/plain");
            sendIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "This is my text to send.");
            startActivity(sendIntent);

=================================================================

Multi-Piece send

Send multiple pieces of content

To share multiple pieces of content, use the ACTION_SEND_MULTIPLE action together with a list of URIs pointing to the content. The MIME type varies according to the mix of content you're sharing. For example, if you share 3 JPEG images, the type is still "image/jpeg". For a mixture of image types, it should be "image/*" to match an activity that handles any type of image. You should only use "*/*" if you're sharing out a wide variety of types. As previously stated, it's up to the receiving application to parse and process your data. Here's an example:

ArrayList<Uri> imageUris = new ArrayList<Uri>();
imageUris.add(imageUri1); // Add your image URIs here
imageUris.add(imageUri2);

Intent shareIntent = new Intent();
shareIntent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_SEND_MULTIPLE);
shareIntent.putParcelableArrayListExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, imageUris);
shareIntent.setType("image/*");
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(shareIntent, "Share images to.."));

================================================================

Share With Facebook

    ShareLinkContent shareLinkContent = new ShareLinkContent.Builder()
            .setQuote("Application of social rating share with your friend")
            .setContentUrl(Uri.parse("https://google.com"))
            .build();
    if (ShareDialog.canShow(ShareLinkContent.class)) {
        sd.show(shareLinkContent);
    }

==============================================================

Share With SMS

    Intent intent = new Intent();
    intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
    intent.putExtra("Body", "Application of social rating share with your friend");
    intent.setType("vnd.android-dir/mms-sms");
    startActivity(intent);

==============================================================

Share With Mail

    Intent emailIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, Uri.fromParts("mailto", "", null));
    emailIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, "Address");
    emailIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "Application of social rating share with your friend");
    emailIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "Body");
    startActivity(Intent.createChooser(emailIntent, "Send Email..."));

=============================================================

Share with WhatsApp

    Intent whatsappIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
    whatsappIntent.setType("text/plain");
    whatsappIntent.setPackage("com.whatsapp");
    whatsappIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "Application of social rating share with your friend");
    try {
        Objects.requireNonNull(getActivity()).startActivity(whatsappIntent);
    } catch (android.content.ActivityNotFoundException ex) {
        Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "WhatsApp have not been installed.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }

String message = "This is testing."
Intent shareText = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
shareText .setType("text/plain");
shareText .putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, message);

startActivity(Intent.createChooser(shareText , "Title of the dialog the system will open"));

sharingIntent = new Intent(android.content.Intent.ACTION_SEND);
sharingIntent.setType("text/plain");
sharingIntent.putExtra(android.content.Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT,"your subject" );
sharingIntent.putExtra(android.content.Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "your text");
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(sharingIntent, ""));

Share on Facebook

private ShareDialog shareDialog;

shareDialog = new ShareDialog((AppCompatActivity) context);
shareDialog.registerCallback(callbackManager, new FacebookCallback<Sharer.Result>() {
    @Override
    public void onSuccess(Sharer.Result result) {
        Log.e("TAG","Facebook Share Success");
        logoutFacebook();
    }

    @Override
    public void onCancel() {
        Log.e("TAG","Facebook Sharing Cancelled by User");
    }

    @Override
    public void onError(FacebookException error) {
        Log.e("TAG","Facebook Share Success: Error: " + error.getLocalizedMessage());
    }
});

if (ShareDialog.canShow(ShareLinkContent.class)) {
    ShareLinkContent linkContent = new ShareLinkContent.Builder()
            .setQuote("Content goes here")
            .setContentUrl(Uri.parse("URL goes here"))
            .build();
    shareDialog.show(linkContent);
}

AndroidManifest.xml

<!-- Facebook Share -->
<provider
    android:name="com.facebook.FacebookContentProvider"
    android:authorities="com.facebook.app.FacebookContentProvider{@string/facebook_app_id}"
    android:exported="true" />
<!-- Facebook Share -->

dependencies {
    implementation 'com.facebook.android:facebook-share:[5,6)' //Facebook Share
}

Share on Twitter

public void shareProductOnTwitter() {
    TwitterConfig config = new TwitterConfig.Builder(this)
            .logger(new DefaultLogger(Log.DEBUG))
            .twitterAuthConfig(new TwitterAuthConfig(getResources().getString(R.string.twitter_api_key), getResources().getString(R.string.twitter_api_secret)))
            .debug(true)
            .build();
    Twitter.initialize(config);

    twitterAuthClient = new TwitterAuthClient();

    TwitterSession twitterSession = TwitterCore.getInstance().getSessionManager().getActiveSession();

    if (twitterSession == null) {
        twitterAuthClient.authorize(this, new Callback<TwitterSession>() {
            @Override
            public void success(Result<TwitterSession> result) {
                TwitterSession twitterSession = result.data;
                shareOnTwitter();
            }

            @Override
            public void failure(TwitterException e) {
                Log.e("TAG","Twitter Error while authorize user " + e.getMessage());
            }
        });
    } else {
        shareOnTwitter();
    }
}

private void shareOnTwitter() {
    StatusesService statusesService = TwitterCore.getInstance().getApiClient().getStatusesService();
    Call<Tweet> tweetCall = statusesService.update("Content goes here", null, false, null, null, null, false, false, null);
    tweetCall.enqueue(new Callback<Tweet>() {
        @Override
        public void success(Result<Tweet> result) {
            Log.e("TAG","Twitter Share Success");
            logoutTwitter();
        }

        @Override
        public void failure(TwitterException exception) {
            Log.e("TAG","Twitter Share Failed with Error: " + exception.getLocalizedMessage());
        }
    });
}

Addition to the answer given by Ionut Negru, From Android 11 don't forget to add

<queries>

 ....        
 <package android:name="com.whatsapp" />
 <package android:name="com.whatsapp.w4b" />
 <package android:name="com.twitter.android" />
 <package android:name="com.facebook.katana" />

 </queries>