How expensive are Python dictionaries to handle?

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As the title states, how expensive are Python dictionaries to handle? Creation, insertion, updating, deletion, all of it.

Asymptotic time complexities are interesting themselves, but also how they compare to e.g. tuples or normal lists.

data-structures dictionary python performance
3 Answers

It's the sixth of July, 2022, and I thought I'd update the performance values of the accepted answer. On an AMD 5900HS in low power mode, yet connected to power, using Python 3.10.4. Windows 10. (edit: forgot the last ones)

python -mtimeit -s"empty=()" "23 in empty"
20000000 loops, best of 5: 16.9 nsec per loop

python -mtimeit -s"empty=set()" "23 in empty"
20000000 loops, best of 5: 18.1 nsec per loop

python -mtimeit -s"empty=[]" "23 in empty"
20000000 loops, best of 5: 15.1 nsec per loop

python -mtimeit -s"empty=dict()" "23 in empty"
10000000 loops, best of 5: 21.7 nsec per loopop




python -mtimeit -s"empty=range(7)" "23 in empty"
10000000 loops, best of 5: 30.9 nsec per loop

python -mtimeit -s"empty=tuple(range(7))" "23 in empty"
5000000 loops, best of 5: 60 nsec per loop

python -mtimeit -s"empty=set(range(7))" "23 in empty"
20000000 loops, best of 5: 16.6 nsec per loop

python -mtimeit -s"empty=dict.fromkeys(range(7))" "23 in empty"
20000000 loops, best of 5: 18.6 nsec per loop



python -mtimeit -s'empty=range(7)' '5 in empty'
5000000 loops, best of 5: 43 nsec per loop

python -mtimeit -s"empty=tuple(range(7))" "5 in empty"
5000000 loops, best of 5: 46.7 nsec per loop

python -mtimeit -s"empty=set(range(7))" "5 in empty"
20000000 loops, best of 5: 16.6 nsec per loop

python -mtimeit -s"empty=dict.fromkeys(range(7))" "5 in empty"
10000000 loops, best of 5: 18.5 nsec per loop
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