I need to replace many different sub-string in a string in the most efficient way. is there another way other then the brute force way of replacing each field using string.replace ?
Java Replacing multiple different substring in a string at once (or in the most efficient way)
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11 Answers
This worked for me:
String result = input.replaceAll("string1|string2|string3","replacementString");
Example:
String input = "applemangobananaarefruits";
String result = input.replaceAll("mango|are|ts","-");
System.out.println(result);
Output: apple-banana-frui-
Check this:
String.format(str,STR[])
For instance:
String.format( "Put your %s where your %s is", "money", "mouth" );
The below is based on Todd Owen's answer. That solution has the problem that if the replacements contain characters that have special meaning in regular expressions, you can get unexpected results. I also wanted to be able to optionally do a case-insensitive search. Here is what I came up with:
/**
* Performs simultaneous search/replace of multiple strings. Case Sensitive!
*/
public String replaceMultiple(String target, Map<String, String> replacements) {
return replaceMultiple(target, replacements, true);
}
/**
* Performs simultaneous search/replace of multiple strings.
*
* @param target string to perform replacements on.
* @param replacements map where key represents value to search for, and value represents replacem
* @param caseSensitive whether or not the search is case-sensitive.
* @return replaced string
*/
public String replaceMultiple(String target, Map<String, String> replacements, boolean caseSensitive) {
if(target == null || "".equals(target) || replacements == null || replacements.size() == 0)
return target;
//if we are doing case-insensitive replacements, we need to make the map case-insensitive--make a new map with all-lower-case keys
if(!caseSensitive) {
Map<String, String> altReplacements = new HashMap<String, String>(replacements.size());
for(String key : replacements.keySet())
altReplacements.put(key.toLowerCase(), replacements.get(key));
replacements = altReplacements;
}
StringBuilder patternString = new StringBuilder();
if(!caseSensitive)
patternString.append("(?i)");
patternString.append('(');
boolean first = true;
for(String key : replacements.keySet()) {
if(first)
first = false;
else
patternString.append('|');
patternString.append(Pattern.quote(key));
}
patternString.append(')');
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(patternString.toString());
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(target);
StringBuffer res = new StringBuffer();
while(matcher.find()) {
String match = matcher.group(1);
if(!caseSensitive)
match = match.toLowerCase();
matcher.appendReplacement(res, replacements.get(match));
}
matcher.appendTail(res);
return res.toString();
}
Here are my unit test cases:
@Test
public void replaceMultipleTest() {
assertNull(ExtStringUtils.replaceMultiple(null, null));
assertNull(ExtStringUtils.replaceMultiple(null, Collections.<String, String>emptyMap()));
assertEquals("", ExtStringUtils.replaceMultiple("", null));
assertEquals("", ExtStringUtils.replaceMultiple("", Collections.<String, String>emptyMap()));
assertEquals("folks, we are not sane anymore. with me, i promise you, we will burn in flames", ExtStringUtils.replaceMultiple("folks, we are not winning anymore. with me, i promise you, we will win big league", makeMap("win big league", "burn in flames", "winning", "sane")));
assertEquals("bcaacbbcaacb", ExtStringUtils.replaceMultiple("abccbaabccba", makeMap("a", "b", "b", "c", "c", "a")));
assertEquals("bcaCBAbcCCBb", ExtStringUtils.replaceMultiple("abcCBAabCCBa", makeMap("a", "b", "b", "c", "c", "a")));
assertEquals("bcaacbbcaacb", ExtStringUtils.replaceMultiple("abcCBAabCCBa", makeMap("a", "b", "b", "c", "c", "a"), false));
assertEquals("c colon backslash temp backslash star dot star ", ExtStringUtils.replaceMultiple("c:\\temp\\*.*", makeMap(".", " dot ", ":", " colon ", "\\", " backslash ", "*", " star "), false));
}
private Map<String, String> makeMap(String ... vals) {
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>(vals.length / 2);
for(int i = 1; i < vals.length; i+= 2)
map.put(vals[i-1], vals[i]);
return map;
}
Summary: Single class implementation of Dave's answer, to automatically choose the most efficient of the two algorithms.
This is a full, single class implementation based on the above excellent answer from Dave Jarvis. The class automatically chooses between the two different supplied algorithms, for maximum efficiency. (This answer is for people who would just like to quickly copy and paste.)
ReplaceStrings class:
package somepackage
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import org.ahocorasick.trie.Emit;
import org.ahocorasick.trie.Trie;
import org.ahocorasick.trie.Trie.TrieBuilder;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
/**
* ReplaceStrings, This class is used to replace multiple strings in a section of text, with high
* time efficiency. The chosen algorithms were adapted from: https://stackoverflow.com/a/40836618
*/
public final class ReplaceStrings {
/**
* replace, This replaces multiple strings in a section of text, according to the supplied
* search and replace definitions. For maximum efficiency, this will automatically choose
* between two possible replacement algorithms.
*
* Performance note: If it is known in advance that the source text is long, then this method
* signature has a very small additional performance advantage over the other method signature.
* (Although either method signature will still choose the best algorithm.)
*/
public static String replace(
final String sourceText, final Map<String, String> searchReplaceDefinitions) {
final boolean useLongAlgorithm
= (sourceText.length() > 1000 || searchReplaceDefinitions.size() > 25);
if (useLongAlgorithm) {
// No parameter adaptations are needed for the long algorithm.
return replaceUsing_AhoCorasickAlgorithm(sourceText, searchReplaceDefinitions);
} else {
// Create search and replace arrays, which are needed by the short algorithm.
final ArrayList<String> searchList = new ArrayList<>();
final ArrayList<String> replaceList = new ArrayList<>();
final Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> allEntries = searchReplaceDefinitions.entrySet();
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : allEntries) {
searchList.add(entry.getKey());
replaceList.add(entry.getValue());
}
return replaceUsing_StringUtilsAlgorithm(sourceText, searchList, replaceList);
}
}
/**
* replace, This replaces multiple strings in a section of text, according to the supplied
* search strings and replacement strings. For maximum efficiency, this will automatically
* choose between two possible replacement algorithms.
*
* Performance note: If it is known in advance that the source text is short, then this method
* signature has a very small additional performance advantage over the other method signature.
* (Although either method signature will still choose the best algorithm.)
*/
public static String replace(final String sourceText,
final ArrayList<String> searchList, final ArrayList<String> replacementList) {
if (searchList.size() != replacementList.size()) {
throw new RuntimeException("ReplaceStrings.replace(), "
+ "The search list and the replacement list must be the same size.");
}
final boolean useLongAlgorithm = (sourceText.length() > 1000 || searchList.size() > 25);
if (useLongAlgorithm) {
// Create a definitions map, which is needed by the long algorithm.
HashMap<String, String> definitions = new HashMap<>();
final int searchListLength = searchList.size();
for (int index = 0; index < searchListLength; ++index) {
definitions.put(searchList.get(index), replacementList.get(index));
}
return replaceUsing_AhoCorasickAlgorithm(sourceText, definitions);
} else {
// No parameter adaptations are needed for the short algorithm.
return replaceUsing_StringUtilsAlgorithm(sourceText, searchList, replacementList);
}
}
/**
* replaceUsing_StringUtilsAlgorithm, This is a string replacement algorithm that is most
* efficient for sourceText under 1000 characters, and less than 25 search strings.
*/
private static String replaceUsing_StringUtilsAlgorithm(final String sourceText,
final ArrayList<String> searchList, final ArrayList<String> replacementList) {
final String[] searchArray = searchList.toArray(new String[]{});
final String[] replacementArray = replacementList.toArray(new String[]{});
return StringUtils.replaceEach(sourceText, searchArray, replacementArray);
}
/**
* replaceUsing_AhoCorasickAlgorithm, This is a string replacement algorithm that is most
* efficient for sourceText over 1000 characters, or large lists of search strings.
*/
private static String replaceUsing_AhoCorasickAlgorithm(final String sourceText,
final Map<String, String> searchReplaceDefinitions) {
// Create a buffer sufficiently large that re-allocations are minimized.
final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(sourceText.length() << 1);
final TrieBuilder builder = Trie.builder();
builder.onlyWholeWords();
builder.ignoreOverlaps();
for (final String key : searchReplaceDefinitions.keySet()) {
builder.addKeyword(key);
}
final Trie trie = builder.build();
final Collection<Emit> emits = trie.parseText(sourceText);
int prevIndex = 0;
for (final Emit emit : emits) {
final int matchIndex = emit.getStart();
sb.append(sourceText.substring(prevIndex, matchIndex));
sb.append(searchReplaceDefinitions.get(emit.getKeyword()));
prevIndex = emit.getEnd() + 1;
}
// Add the remainder of the string (contains no more matches).
sb.append(sourceText.substring(prevIndex));
return sb.toString();
}
/**
* main, This contains some test and example code.
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
String shortSource = "The quick brown fox jumped over something. ";
StringBuilder longSourceBuilder = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < 50; ++i) {
longSourceBuilder.append(shortSource);
}
String longSource = longSourceBuilder.toString();
HashMap<String, String> searchReplaceMap = new HashMap<>();
ArrayList<String> searchList = new ArrayList<>();
ArrayList<String> replaceList = new ArrayList<>();
searchReplaceMap.put("fox", "grasshopper");
searchReplaceMap.put("something", "the mountain");
searchList.add("fox");
replaceList.add("grasshopper");
searchList.add("something");
replaceList.add("the mountain");
String shortResultUsingArrays = replace(shortSource, searchList, replaceList);
String shortResultUsingMap = replace(shortSource, searchReplaceMap);
String longResultUsingArrays = replace(longSource, searchList, replaceList);
String longResultUsingMap = replace(longSource, searchReplaceMap);
System.out.println(shortResultUsingArrays);
System.out.println("----------------------------------------------");
System.out.println(shortResultUsingMap);
System.out.println("----------------------------------------------");
System.out.println(longResultUsingArrays);
System.out.println("----------------------------------------------");
System.out.println(longResultUsingMap);
System.out.println("----------------------------------------------");
}
}
Needed Maven dependencies:
(Add these to your pom file if needed.)
<!-- Apache Commons utilities. Super commonly used utilities.
https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.commons/commons-lang3 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.10</version>
</dependency>
<!-- ahocorasick, An algorithm used for efficient searching and
replacing of multiple strings.
https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.ahocorasick/ahocorasick -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.ahocorasick</groupId>
<artifactId>ahocorasick</artifactId>
<version>0.4.0</version>
</dependency>
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