Are there any built in methods available to convert a string into Title Case format?
21 Answers
Apache Commons StringUtils.capitalize() or Commons Text WordUtils.capitalize()
e.g: WordUtils.capitalize("i am FINE") = "I Am FINE" from WordUtils doc
There are no capitalize() or titleCase() methods in Java's String class. You have two choices:
- using commons lang string utils.
StringUtils.capitalize(null) = null
StringUtils.capitalize("") = ""
StringUtils.capitalize("cat") = "Cat"
StringUtils.capitalize("cAt") = "CAt"
StringUtils.capitalize("'cat'") = "'cat'"
- write (yet another) static helper method toTitleCase()
Sample implementation
public static String toTitleCase(String input) {
StringBuilder titleCase = new StringBuilder(input.length());
boolean nextTitleCase = true;
for (char c : input.toCharArray()) {
if (Character.isSpaceChar(c)) {
nextTitleCase = true;
} else if (nextTitleCase) {
c = Character.toTitleCase(c);
nextTitleCase = false;
}
titleCase.append(c);
}
return titleCase.toString();
}
Testcase
System.out.println(toTitleCase("string"));
System.out.println(toTitleCase("another string"));
System.out.println(toTitleCase("YET ANOTHER STRING"));
outputs:
String Another String YET ANOTHER STRING
Using Spring's StringUtils:
org.springframework.util.StringUtils.capitalize(someText);
If you're already using Spring anyway, this avoids bringing in another framework.
Use this method to convert a string to title case :
static String toTitleCase(String word) {
return Stream.of(word.split(" "))
.map(w -> w.toUpperCase().charAt(0)+ w.toLowerCase().substring(1))
.reduce((s, s2) -> s + " " + s2).orElse("");
}
I had this problem and i searched for it then i made my own method using some java keywords just need to pass String variable as parameter and get output as proper titled String.
public class Main
{
public static void main (String[]args)
{
String st = "pARVeEN sISHOsIYA";
String mainn = getTitleCase (st);
System.out.println (mainn);
}
public static String getTitleCase(String input)
{
StringBuilder titleCase = new StringBuilder (input.length());
boolean hadSpace = false;
for (char c:input.toCharArray ()){
if(Character.isSpaceChar(c)){
hadSpace = true;
titleCase.append (c);
continue;
}
if(hadSpace){
hadSpace = false;
c = Character.toUpperCase(c);
titleCase.append (c);
}else{
c = Character.toLowerCase(c);
titleCase.append (c);
}
}
String temp=titleCase.toString ();
StringBuilder titleCase1 = new StringBuilder (temp.length ());
int num=1;
for (char c:temp.toCharArray ())
{ if(num==1)
c = Character.toUpperCase(c);
titleCase1.append (c);
num=0;
}
return titleCase1.toString ();
}
}
It seems none of the answers format it in the actual title case: "How to Land Your Dream Job", "To Kill a Mockingbird", etc. so I've made my own method. Works best for English languages texts.
private final static Set<Character> TITLE_CASE_DELIMITERS = new HashSet<>();
static {
TITLE_CASE_DELIMITERS.add(' ');
TITLE_CASE_DELIMITERS.add('.');
TITLE_CASE_DELIMITERS.add(',');
TITLE_CASE_DELIMITERS.add(';');
TITLE_CASE_DELIMITERS.add('/');
TITLE_CASE_DELIMITERS.add('-');
TITLE_CASE_DELIMITERS.add('(');
TITLE_CASE_DELIMITERS.add(')');
}
private final static Set<String> TITLE_SMALLCASED_WORDS = new HashSet<>();
static {
TITLE_SMALLCASED_WORDS.add("a");
TITLE_SMALLCASED_WORDS.add("an");
TITLE_SMALLCASED_WORDS.add("the");
TITLE_SMALLCASED_WORDS.add("for");
TITLE_SMALLCASED_WORDS.add("in");
TITLE_SMALLCASED_WORDS.add("on");
TITLE_SMALLCASED_WORDS.add("of");
TITLE_SMALLCASED_WORDS.add("and");
TITLE_SMALLCASED_WORDS.add("but");
TITLE_SMALLCASED_WORDS.add("or");
TITLE_SMALLCASED_WORDS.add("nor");
TITLE_SMALLCASED_WORDS.add("to");
}
public static String toCapitalizedWord(String oneWord) {
if (oneWord.length() < 1) {
return oneWord.toUpperCase();
}
return "" + Character.toTitleCase(oneWord.charAt(0)) + oneWord.substring(1).toLowerCase();
}
public static String toTitledWord(String oneWord) {
if (TITLE_SMALLCASED_WORDS.contains(oneWord.toLowerCase())) {
return oneWord.toLowerCase();
}
return toCapitalizedWord(oneWord);
}
public static String toTitleCase(String str) {
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
StringBuilder oneWord = new StringBuilder();
char previousDelimiter = 'x';
/* on start, always move to upper case */
for (char c : str.toCharArray()) {
if (TITLE_CASE_DELIMITERS.contains(c)) {
if (previousDelimiter == '-' || previousDelimiter == 'x') {
result.append(toCapitalizedWord(oneWord.toString()));
} else {
result.append(toTitledWord(oneWord.toString()));
}
oneWord.setLength(0);
result.append(c);
previousDelimiter = c;
} else {
oneWord.append(c);
}
}
if (previousDelimiter == '-' || previousDelimiter == 'x') {
result.append(toCapitalizedWord(oneWord.toString()));
} else {
result.append(toTitledWord(oneWord.toString()));
}
return result.toString();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(toTitleCase("one year in paris"));
System.out.println(toTitleCase("How to Land Your Dream Job"));
}
This is the simplest solution
static void title(String a,String b){
String ra = Character.toString(Character.toUpperCase(a.charAt(0)));
String rb = Character.toString(Character.toUpperCase(b.charAt(0)));
for(int i=1;i<a.length();i++){
ra+=a.charAt(i);
}
for(int i=1;i<b.length();i++){
rb+=b.charAt(i);
}
System.out.println(ra+" "+rb);
I recently ran into this problem too and unfortunately had many occurences of names beginning with Mc and Mac, I ended up using a version of scottb's code which I changed to handle these prefixes so it's here in case anyone wants to use it.
There are still edge cases which this misses but the worst thing that can happen is that a letter will be lower case when it should be capitalized.
/**
* Get a nicely formatted representation of the name.
* Don't send this the whole name at once, instead send it the components.<br>
* For example: andrew macnamara would be returned as:<br>
* Andrew Macnamara if processed as a single string<br>
* Andrew MacNamara if processed as 2 strings.
* @param name
* @return correctly formatted name
*/
public static String getNameTitleCase (String name) {
final String ACTIONABLE_DELIMITERS = " '-/";
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
if (name !=null && !name.isEmpty()){
boolean capitaliseNext = true;
for (char c : name.toCharArray()) {
c = (capitaliseNext)?Character.toUpperCase(c):Character.toLowerCase(c);
sb.append(c);
capitaliseNext = (ACTIONABLE_DELIMITERS.indexOf((int) c) >= 0);
}
name = sb.toString();
if (name.startsWith("Mc") && name.length() > 2 ) {
char c = name.charAt(2);
if (ACTIONABLE_DELIMITERS.indexOf((int) c) < 0) {
sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append (name.substring(0,2));
sb.append (name.substring(2,3).toUpperCase());
sb.append (name.substring(3));
name=sb.toString();
}
} else if (name.startsWith("Mac") && name.length() > 3) {
char c = name.charAt(3);
if (ACTIONABLE_DELIMITERS.indexOf((int) c) < 0) {
sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append (name.substring(0,3));
sb.append (name.substring(3,4).toUpperCase());
sb.append (name.substring(4));
name=sb.toString();
}
}
}
return name;
}
This converter transform any string containing camel case, white-spaces, digits and other characters to sanitized title case.
/**
* Convert a string to title case in java (with tests).
*
* @author Sudipto Chandra
*/
public abstract class TitleCase {
/**
* Returns the character type. <br>
* <br>
* Digit = 2 <br>
* Lower case alphabet = 0 <br>
* Uppercase case alphabet = 1 <br>
* All else = -1.
*
* @param ch
* @return
*/
private static int getCharType(char ch) {
if (Character.isLowerCase(ch)) {
return 0;
} else if (Character.isUpperCase(ch)) {
return 1;
} else if (Character.isDigit(ch)) {
return 2;
}
return -1;
}
/**
* Converts any given string in camel or snake case to title case.
* <br>
* It uses the method getCharType and ignore any character that falls in
* negative character type category. It separates two alphabets of not-equal
* cases with a space. It accepts numbers and append it to the currently
* running group, and puts a space at the end.
* <br>
* If the result is empty after the operations, original string is returned.
*
* @param text the text to be converted.
* @return a title cased string
*/
public static String titleCase(String text) {
if (text == null || text.length() == 0) {
return text;
}
char[] str = text.toCharArray();
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
boolean capRepeated = false;
for (int i = 0, prev = -1, next; i < str.length; ++i, prev = next) {
next = getCharType(str[i]);
// trace consecutive capital cases
if (prev == 1 && next == 1) {
capRepeated = true;
} else if (next != 0) {
capRepeated = false;
}
// next is ignorable
if (next == -1) {
// System.out.printf("case 0, %d %d %s\n", prev, next, sb.toString());
continue; // does not append anything
}
// prev and next are of same type
if (prev == next) {
sb.append(str[i]);
// System.out.printf("case 1, %d %d %s\n", prev, next, sb.toString());
continue;
}
// next is not an alphabet
if (next == 2) {
sb.append(str[i]);
// System.out.printf("case 2, %d %d %s\n", prev, next, sb.toString());
continue;
}
// next is an alphabet, prev was not +
// next is uppercase and prev was lowercase
if (prev == -1 || prev == 2 || prev == 0) {
if (sb.length() != 0) {
sb.append(' ');
}
sb.append(Character.toUpperCase(str[i]));
// System.out.printf("case 3, %d %d %s\n", prev, next, sb.toString());
continue;
}
// next is lowercase and prev was uppercase
if (prev == 1) {
if (capRepeated) {
sb.insert(sb.length() - 1, ' ');
capRepeated = false;
}
sb.append(str[i]);
// System.out.printf("case 4, %d %d %s\n", prev, next, sb.toString());
}
}
String output = sb.toString().trim();
output = (output.length() == 0) ? text : output;
//return output;
// Capitalize all words (Optional)
String[] result = output.split(" ");
for (int i = 0; i < result.length; ++i) {
result[i] = result[i].charAt(0) + result[i].substring(1).toLowerCase();
}
output = String.join(" ", result);
return output;
}
/**
* Test method for the titleCase() function.
*/
public static void testTitleCase() {
System.out.println("--------------- Title Case Tests --------------------");
String[][] samples = {
{null, null},
{"", ""},
{"a", "A"},
{"aa", "Aa"},
{"aaa", "Aaa"},
{"aC", "A C"},
{"AC", "Ac"},
{"aCa", "A Ca"},
{"ACa", "A Ca"},
{"aCamel", "A Camel"},
{"anCamel", "An Camel"},
{"CamelCase", "Camel Case"},
{"camelCase", "Camel Case"},
{"snake_case", "Snake Case"},
{"toCamelCaseString", "To Camel Case String"},
{"toCAMELCase", "To Camel Case"},
{"_under_the_scoreCamelWith_", "Under The Score Camel With"},
{"ABDTest", "Abd Test"},
{"title123Case", "Title123 Case"},
{"expect11", "Expect11"},
{"all0verMe3", "All0 Ver Me3"},
{"___", "___"},
{"__a__", "A"},
{"_A_b_c____aa", "A B C Aa"},
{"_get$It132done", "Get It132 Done"},
{"_122_", "122"},
{"_no112", "No112"},
{"Case-13title", "Case13 Title"},
{"-no-allow-", "No Allow"},
{"_paren-_-allow--not!", "Paren Allow Not"},
{"Other.Allow.--False?", "Other Allow False"},
{"$39$ldl%LK3$lk_389$klnsl-32489 3 42034 ", "39 Ldl Lk3 Lk389 Klnsl32489342034"},
{"tHis will BE MY EXAMple", "T His Will Be My Exa Mple"},
{"stripEvery.damn-paren- -_now", "Strip Every Damn Paren Now"},
{"getMe", "Get Me"},
{"whatSthePoint", "What Sthe Point"},
{"n0pe_aLoud", "N0 Pe A Loud"},
{"canHave SpacesThere", "Can Have Spaces There"},
{" why_underScore exists ", "Why Under Score Exists"},
{"small-to-be-seen", "Small To Be Seen"},
{"toCAMELCase", "To Camel Case"},
{"_under_the_scoreCamelWith_", "Under The Score Camel With"},
{"last one onTheList", "Last One On The List"}
};
int pass = 0;
for (String[] inp : samples) {
String out = titleCase(inp[0]);
//String out = WordUtils.capitalizeFully(inp[0]);
System.out.printf("TEST '%s'\nWANTS '%s'\nFOUND '%s'\n", inp[0], inp[1], out);
boolean passed = (out == null ? inp[1] == null : out.equals(inp[1]));
pass += passed ? 1 : 0;
System.out.println(passed ? "-- PASS --" : "!! FAIL !!");
System.out.println();
}
System.out.printf("\n%d Passed, %d Failed.\n", pass, samples.length - pass);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
// run tests
testTitleCase();
}
}
Here are some inputs:
aCamel
TitleCase
snake_case
fromCamelCASEString
ABCTest
expect11
_paren-_-allow--not!
why_underScore exists
last one onTheList
And my outputs:
A Camel
Title Case
Snake Case
From Camel Case String
Abc Test
Expect11
Paren Allow Not
Why Under Score Exists
Last One On The List
This should work:
String str="i like pancakes";
String arr[]=str.split(" ");
String strNew="";
for(String str1:arr)
{
Character oldchar=str1.charAt(0);
Character newchar=Character.toUpperCase(str1.charAt(0));
strNew=strNew+str1.replace(oldchar,newchar)+" ";
}
System.out.println(strNew);
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