Find the last element of an array while using a foreach loop in PHP

It sounds like you want something like this:

$numItems = count($arr);
$i = 0;
foreach($arr as $key=>$value) {
  if(++$i === $numItems) {
    echo "last index!";
  }
}    

That being said, you don't -have- to iterate over an "array" using foreach in php.

You could get the value of the last key of the array using end(array_keys($array)) and compare it to the current key:

$last_key = end(array_keys($array));
foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
    if ($key == $last_key) {
        // last element
    } else {
        // not last element
    }
}

Note: This doesn't work because calling next() advances the array pointer, so you're skipping every other element in the loop

why so complicated?

foreach($input as $key => $value) {
    $ret .= "$value";
    if (next($input)==true) $ret .= ",";
}

This will add a , behind every value except the last one!

When toEnd reaches 0 it means it is at the last iteration of the loop.

$toEnd = count($arr);
foreach($arr as $key=>$value) {
  if (0 === --$toEnd) {
    echo "last index! $value";
  }
}

The last value is still available after the loop, so if you just want to use it for more stuff after the loop this is better:

foreach($arr as $key=>$value) {
  //something
}
echo "last index! $key => $value";

If you do not want to treat the last value as special inside loops. This should be faster if you have large arrays. (If you reuse the array after the loop inside the same scope you have to "copy" the array first).

//If you use this in a large global code without namespaces or functions then you can copy the array like this:
//$array = $originalArrayName; //uncomment to copy an array you may use after this loop

//end($array); $lastKey = key($array); //uncomment if you use the keys
$lastValue = array_pop($array);

//do something special with the last value here before you process all the others?
echo "Last is $lastValue", "\n";

foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
    //do something with all values before the last value
    echo "All except last value: $value", "\n";
}

//do something special with the last value here after you process all the others?
echo "Last is $lastValue", "\n";

And to answer your original question "in my case to append or/and parameter while building query"; this will loop over all the values, then join them together to a string with " and " between them but not before the first value or after the last value:

$params = [];
foreach ($array as $value) {
    $params[] = doSomething($value);
}
$parameters = implode(" and ", $params);

One way could be to detect if the iterator has next. If there is no next attached to the iterator it means you are in the last loop.

foreach ($some_array as $element) {
    if(!next($some_array)) {
         // This is the last $element
    }
}

SINCE PHP 7.3 :

You could get the value of the last key of the array using array_key_last($array) and compare it to the current key:

$last_key = array_key_last($array);
foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
    if ($key == $last_key) {
        // last element
    } else {
        // not last element
    }
}

to get first and last element from foreach array

foreach($array as $value) {
    if ($value === reset($array)) {
        echo 'FIRST ELEMENT!';
    }

    if ($value === end($array)) {
        echo 'LAST ITEM!';
    }
}

You can still use that method with associative arrays:

$keys = array_keys($array);
for ($i = 0, $l = count($array); $i < $l; ++$i) {
    $key = $array[$i];
    $value = $array[$key];
    $isLastItem = ($i == ($l - 1));
    // do stuff
}

// or this way...

$i = 0;
$l = count($array);
foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
    $isLastItem = ($i == ($l - 1));
    // do stuff
    ++$i;
}

Don't add a comma after the last value:

The array:

$data = ['lorem', 'ipsum', 'dolor', 'sit', 'amet'];

The function:

$result = "";
foreach($data as $value) {
    $result .= (next($data)) ? "$value, " : $value;
}

The result:

print $result;

lorem, ipsum, dolor, sit, amet

If you need to do something for every element except either the first or the last and only if there is more than one element in the array, I prefer the following solution.

I know there are many solutions above and posted months/one year before mine, but this is something I feel is fairly elegant in its own right. The check every loop is also a boolean check as opposed to a numeric "i=(count-1)" check, which may allow for less overhead.

The structure of the loop may feel awkward, but you can compare it to the ordering of thead (beginning), tfoot (end), tbody (current) in HTML table tags.

$first = true;
foreach($array as $key => $value) {
    if ($first) {
        $first = false;
        // Do what you want to do before the first element
        echo "List of key, value pairs:\n";
    } else {
        // Do what you want to do at the end of every element
        // except the last, assuming the list has more than one element
        echo "\n";
    }
    // Do what you want to do for the current element
    echo $key . ' => ' . $value;
}

For instance, in web development terms, if you want to add a border-bottom to every element except the last in an unordered list (ul), then you can instead add a border-top to every element except the first (the CSS :first-child, supported by IE7+ and Firefox/Webkit supports this logic, whereas :last-child is not supported by IE7).

You can feel free to reuse the $first variable for each and every nested loop as well and things will work just fine since every loop makes $first false during the first process of the first iteration (so breaks/exceptions won't cause issues).

$first = true;
foreach($array as $key => $subArray) {
    if ($first) {
        $string = "List of key => value array pairs:\n";
        $first = false;
    } else {
        echo "\n";
    }

    $string .= $key . '=>(';
    $first = true;
    foreach($subArray as $key => $value) {
        if ($first) {
            $first = false;
        } else {
            $string .= ', ';
        }
        $string .= $key . '=>' . $value;
    }
    $string .= ')';
}
echo $string;

Example output:

List of key => value array pairs:
key1=>(v1_key1=>v1_val1, v1_key2=>v1_val2)
key2=>(v2_key1=>v2_val1, v2_key2=>v2_val2, v2_key3=>v2_val3)
key3=>(v3_key1=>v3_val1)

you can do a count().

for ($i=0;$i<count(arr);$i++){
    $i == count(arr)-1 ? true : false;
}

or if you're looking for ONLY the last element, you can use end().

end(arr);

returns only the last element.

and, as it turns out, you CAN index php arrays by integers. It's perfectly happy with

arr[1];

You could also do something like this:

end( $elements );
$endKey = key($elements);
foreach ($elements as $key => $value)
{
     if ($key == $endKey) // -- this is the last item
     {
          // do something
     }

     // more code
}

Here's my solution: Simply get the count of your array, minus 1 (since they start in 0).

$lastkey = count($array) - 1;
foreach($array as $k=>$a){
    if($k==$lastkey){
        /*do something*/
    }
}

foreach ($array as $key => $value) {

  $class = ( $key !== count( $array ) -1 ) ? " class='not-last'" : " class='last'";

  echo "<div{$class}>";
  echo "$value['the_title']";
  echo "</div>";

}

Reference

If it is a single dimensional array you can do this to keep it short and sweet:

foreach($items as $idx => $item) {
    if (!isset($items[$idx+1])) {
        print "I am last";
    }
}

$array  = array("dog", "rabbit", "horse", "rat", "cat");
foreach($array as $index => $animal) {
    if ($index === array_key_first($array))
        echo $animal; // output: dog

    if ($index === array_key_last($array))
        echo $animal; // output: cat
}

Another way to go is to remember the previous loop cycle result and use that as the end result:

    $result = $where = "";
    foreach ($conditions as $col => $val) {
        $result = $where .= $this->getAdapter()->quoteInto($col.' = ?', $val);
        $where .=  " AND ";
    }
    return $this->delete($result);

I personally use this kind of construction which enable an easy use with html < ul > and < li > elements : simply change the equality for an other property...

The array cannot contains false items but all the others items which are cast into the false boolean.

$table = array( 'a' , 'b', 'c');
$it = reset($table);
while( $it !== false ) {
    echo 'all loops';echo $it;
    $nextIt = next($table);
    if ($nextIt === false || $nextIt === $it) {
            echo 'last loop or two identical items';
    }
    $it = $nextIt;
}

Try this simple solution

$test = ['a' => 1, 'b' => 2, 'c' => 3];

$last_array_value = end($test);

foreach ($test as $key => $value) {
   if ($value === $last_array_value) {
      echo $value; // display the last value  
   } else {
     echo $value; // display the values that are not last elements 
   }
}

More easy by end() function is an inbuilt function in PHP and is used to find the last element of the given array. The end() function changes the internal pointer of an array to point to the last element and returns the value of the last element.

Below is an example with non integer index:

<?php
    $arr = array(
            'first' => 
                array('id' => 1, 'label' => 'one'), 
            'second' => 
                array('id' => 2, 'label' => 'two'), 
            'last' => 
                array('id' => 9, 'label' => 'nine')
        );
    $lastIndexArr = end($arr);
    print_r($lastIndexArr);

Check here the last array as an output.