SQL: parse the first, middle and last name from a fullname field

Here is a self-contained example, with easily manipulated test data.

With this example, if you have a name with more than three parts, then all the "extra" stuff will get put in the LAST_NAME field. An exception is made for specific strings that are identified as "titles", such as "DR", "MRS", and "MR".

If the middle name is missing, then you just get FIRST_NAME and LAST_NAME (MIDDLE_NAME will be NULL).

You could smash it into a giant nested blob of SUBSTRINGs, but readability is hard enough as it is when you do this in SQL.

Edit-- Handle the following special cases:

1 - The NAME field is NULL

2 - The NAME field contains leading / trailing spaces

3 - The NAME field has > 1 consecutive space within the name

4 - The NAME field contains ONLY the first name

5 - Include the original full name in the final output as a separate column, for readability

6 - Handle a specific list of prefixes as a separate "title" column

SELECT
  FIRST_NAME.ORIGINAL_INPUT_DATA
 ,FIRST_NAME.TITLE
 ,FIRST_NAME.FIRST_NAME
 ,CASE WHEN 0 = CHARINDEX(' ',FIRST_NAME.REST_OF_NAME)
       THEN NULL  --no more spaces?  assume rest is the last name
       ELSE SUBSTRING(
                       FIRST_NAME.REST_OF_NAME
                      ,1
                      ,CHARINDEX(' ',FIRST_NAME.REST_OF_NAME)-1
                     )
       END AS MIDDLE_NAME
 ,SUBSTRING(
             FIRST_NAME.REST_OF_NAME
            ,1 + CHARINDEX(' ',FIRST_NAME.REST_OF_NAME)
            ,LEN(FIRST_NAME.REST_OF_NAME)
           ) AS LAST_NAME
FROM
  (  
  SELECT
    TITLE.TITLE
   ,CASE WHEN 0 = CHARINDEX(' ',TITLE.REST_OF_NAME)
         THEN TITLE.REST_OF_NAME --No space? return the whole thing
         ELSE SUBSTRING(
                         TITLE.REST_OF_NAME
                        ,1
                        ,CHARINDEX(' ',TITLE.REST_OF_NAME)-1
                       )
    END AS FIRST_NAME
   ,CASE WHEN 0 = CHARINDEX(' ',TITLE.REST_OF_NAME)  
         THEN NULL  --no spaces @ all?  then 1st name is all we have
         ELSE SUBSTRING(
                         TITLE.REST_OF_NAME
                        ,CHARINDEX(' ',TITLE.REST_OF_NAME)+1
                        ,LEN(TITLE.REST_OF_NAME)
                       )
    END AS REST_OF_NAME
   ,TITLE.ORIGINAL_INPUT_DATA
  FROM
    (   
    SELECT
      --if the first three characters are in this list,
      --then pull it as a "title".  otherwise return NULL for title.
      CASE WHEN SUBSTRING(TEST_DATA.FULL_NAME,1,3) IN ('MR ','MS ','DR ','MRS')
           THEN LTRIM(RTRIM(SUBSTRING(TEST_DATA.FULL_NAME,1,3)))
           ELSE NULL
           END AS TITLE
      --if you change the list, don't forget to change it here, too.
      --so much for the DRY prinicple...
     ,CASE WHEN SUBSTRING(TEST_DATA.FULL_NAME,1,3) IN ('MR ','MS ','DR ','MRS')
           THEN LTRIM(RTRIM(SUBSTRING(TEST_DATA.FULL_NAME,4,LEN(TEST_DATA.FULL_NAME))))
           ELSE LTRIM(RTRIM(TEST_DATA.FULL_NAME))
           END AS REST_OF_NAME
     ,TEST_DATA.ORIGINAL_INPUT_DATA
    FROM
      (
      SELECT
        --trim leading & trailing spaces before trying to process
        --disallow extra spaces *within* the name
        REPLACE(REPLACE(LTRIM(RTRIM(FULL_NAME)),'  ',' '),'  ',' ') AS FULL_NAME
       ,FULL_NAME AS ORIGINAL_INPUT_DATA
      FROM
        (
        --if you use this, then replace the following
        --block with your actual table
              SELECT 'GEORGE W BUSH' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT 'SUSAN B ANTHONY' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT 'ALEXANDER HAMILTON' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT 'OSAMA BIN LADEN JR' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT 'MARTIN J VAN BUREN SENIOR III' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT 'TOMMY' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT 'BILLY' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT NULL AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT ' ' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT '    JOHN  JACOB     SMITH' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT ' DR  SANJAY       GUPTA' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT 'DR JOHN S HOPKINS' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT ' MRS  SUSAN ADAMS' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT ' MS AUGUSTA  ADA   KING ' AS FULL_NAME      
        ) RAW_DATA
      ) TEST_DATA
    ) TITLE
  ) FIRST_NAME

It's difficult to answer without knowing how the "full name" is formatted.

It could be "Last Name, First Name Middle Name" or "First Name Middle Name Last Name", etc.

Basically you'll have to use the SUBSTRING function

SUBSTRING ( expression , start , length )

And probably the CHARINDEX function

CHARINDEX (substr, expression)

To figure out the start and length for each part you want to extract.

So let's say the format is "First Name Last Name" you could (untested.. but should be close) :

SELECT 
SUBSTRING(fullname, 1, CHARINDEX(' ', fullname) - 1) AS FirstName, 
SUBSTRING(fullname, CHARINDEX(' ', fullname) + 1, len(fullname)) AS LastName
FROM YourTable

Reverse the problem, add columns to hold the individual pieces and combine them to get the full name.

The reason this will be the best answer is that there is no guaranteed way to figure out a person has registered as their first name, and what is their middle name.

For instance, how would you split this?

Jan Olav Olsen Heggelien

This, while being fictious, is a legal name in Norway, and could, but would not have to, be split like this:

First name: Jan Olav
Middle name: Olsen
Last name: Heggelien

or, like this:

First name: Jan Olav
Last name: Olsen Heggelien

or, like this:

First name: Jan
Middle name: Olav
Last name: Olsen Heggelien

I would imagine similar occurances can be found in most languages.

So instead of trying to interpreting data which does not have enough information to get it right, store the correct interpretation, and combine to get the full name.

Unless you have very, very well-behaved data, this is a non-trivial challenge. A naive approach would be to tokenize on whitespace and assume that a three-token result is [first, middle, last] and a two-token result is [first, last], but you're going to have to deal with multi-word surnames (e.g. "Van Buren") and multiple middle names.

This query is working fine.

SELECT name
    ,Ltrim(SubString(name, 1, Isnull(Nullif(CHARINDEX(' ', name), 0), 1000))) AS FirstName
    ,Ltrim(SUBSTRING(name, CharIndex(' ', name), CASE 
                WHEN (CHARINDEX(' ', name, CHARINDEX(' ', name) + 1) - CHARINDEX(' ', name)) <= 0
                    THEN 0
                ELSE CHARINDEX(' ', name, CHARINDEX(' ', name) + 1) - CHARINDEX(' ', name)
                END)) AS MiddleName
    ,Ltrim(SUBSTRING(name, Isnull(Nullif(CHARINDEX(' ', name, Charindex(' ', name) + 1), 0), CHARINDEX(' ', name)), CASE 
                WHEN Charindex(' ', name) = 0
                    THEN 0
                ELSE LEN(name)
                END)) AS LastName
FROM yourtableName

Are you sure the Full Legal Name will always include First, Middle and Last? I know people that have only one name as Full Legal Name, and honestly I am not sure if that's their First or Last Name. :-) I also know people that have more than one Fisrt names in their legal name, but don't have a Middle name. And there are some people that have multiple Middle names.

Then there's also the order of the names in the Full Legal Name. As far as I know, in some Asian cultures the Last Name comes first in the Full Legal Name.

On a more practical note, you could split the Full Name on whitespace and threat the first token as First name and the last token (or the only token in case of only one name) as Last name. Though this assumes that the order will be always the same.

Like #1 said, it's not trivial. Hyphenated last names, initials, double names, inverse name sequence and a variety of other anomalies can ruin your carefully crafted function.

You could use a 3rd party library (plug/disclaimer - I worked on this product):

http://www.melissadata.com/nameobject/nameobject.htm

I would do this as an iterative process.

1) Dump the table to a flat file to work with.

2) Write a simple program to break up your Names using a space as separator where firsts token is the first name, if there are 3 token then token 2 is middle name and token 3 is last name. If there are 2 tokens then the second token is the last name. (Perl, Java, or C/C++, language doesn't matter)

3) Eyeball the results. Look for names that don't fit this rule.

4) Using that example, create a new rule to handle that exception...

5) Rinse and Repeat

Eventually you will get a program that fixes all your data.

1. Get a sql regex function. Sample: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/cc163473.aspx
2. Extract names using regular expressions.

I recommend Expresso for learnin/building/testing regular expressions. Old free version, new commercial version

I'm not sure about SQL server, but in postgres you could do something like this:

SELECT 
  SUBSTRING(fullname, '(\\w+)') as firstname,
  SUBSTRING(fullname, '\\w+\\s(\\w+)\\s\\w+') as middle,
  COALESCE(SUBSTRING(fullname, '\\w+\\s\\w+\\s(\\w+)'), SUBSTRING(fullname, '\\w+\\s(\\w+)')) as lastname
FROM 
public.person

The regex expressions could probably be a bit more concise; but you get the point. This does by the way not work for persons having two double names (in the Netherlands we have this a lot 'Jan van der Ploeg') so I'd be very careful with the results.

I once made a 500 character regular expression to parse first, last and middle names from an arbitrary string. Even with that honking regex, it only got around 97% accuracy due to the complete inconsistency of the input. Still, better than nothing.

Subject to the caveats that have already been raised regarding spaces in names and other anomalies, the following code will at least handle 98% of names. (Note: messy SQL because I don't have a regex option in the database I use.)

**Warning: messy SQL follows:

create table parsname (fullname char(50), name1 char(30), name2 char(30), name3 char(30), name4 char(40));
insert into parsname (fullname) select fullname from ImportTable;
update parsname set name1 = substring(fullname, 1, locate(' ', fullname)),
 fullname = ltrim(substring(fullname, locate(' ', fullname), length(fullname)))
 where locate(' ', rtrim(fullname)) > 0;
update parsname set name2 = substring(fullname, 1, locate(' ', fullname)),
 fullname = ltrim(substring(fullname, locate(' ', fullname), length(fullname)))
 where locate(' ', rtrim(fullname)) > 0;
update parsname set name3 = substring(fullname, 1, locate(' ', fullname)),
 fullname = ltrim(substring(fullname, locate(' ', fullname), length(fullname)))
 where locate(' ', rtrim(fullname)) > 0;
update parsname set name4 = substring(fullname, 1, locate(' ', fullname)),
 fullname = ltrim(substring(fullname, locate(' ', fullname), length(fullname)))
 where locate(' ', rtrim(fullname)) > 0;
// fullname now contains the last word in the string.
select fullname as FirstName, '' as MiddleName, '' as LastName from parsname where fullname is not null and name1 is null and name2 is null
union all
select name1 as FirstName, name2 as MiddleName, fullname as LastName from parsname where name1 is not null and name3 is null

The code works by creating a temporary table (parsname) and tokenizing the fullname by spaces. Any names ending up with values in name3 or name4 are non-conforming and will need to be dealt with differently.

Here's a stored procedure that will put the first word found into First Name, the last word into Last Name and everything in between into Middle Name.

create procedure [dbo].[import_ParseName]
(            
    @FullName nvarchar(max),
    @FirstName nvarchar(255) output,
    @MiddleName nvarchar(255) output,
    @LastName nvarchar(255)  output
)
as
begin

set @FirstName = ''
set @MiddleName = ''
set @LastName = ''  
set @FullName = ltrim(rtrim(@FullName))

declare @ReverseFullName nvarchar(max)
set @ReverseFullName = reverse(@FullName)

declare @lengthOfFullName int
declare @endOfFirstName int
declare @beginningOfLastName int

set @lengthOfFullName = len(@FullName)
set @endOfFirstName = charindex(' ', @FullName)
set @beginningOfLastName = @lengthOfFullName - charindex(' ', @ReverseFullName) + 1

set @FirstName = case when @endOfFirstName <> 0 
                      then substring(@FullName, 1, @endOfFirstName - 1) 
                      else ''
                 end

set @MiddleName = case when (@endOfFirstName <> 0 and @beginningOfLastName <> 0 and @beginningOfLastName > @endOfFirstName)
                       then ltrim(rtrim(substring(@FullName, @endOfFirstName , @beginningOfLastName - @endOfFirstName))) 
                       else ''
                  end

set @LastName = case when @beginningOfLastName <> 0 
                     then substring(@FullName, @beginningOfLastName + 1 , @lengthOfFullName - @beginningOfLastName)
                     else ''
                end

return

end 

And here's me calling it.

DECLARE @FirstName nvarchar(255),
        @MiddleName nvarchar(255),
        @LastName nvarchar(255)

EXEC    [dbo].[import_ParseName]
        @FullName = N'Scott The Other Scott Kowalczyk',
        @FirstName = @FirstName OUTPUT,
        @MiddleName = @MiddleName OUTPUT,
        @LastName = @LastName OUTPUT

print   @FirstName 
print   @MiddleName
print   @LastName 

output:

Scott
The Other Scott
Kowalczyk

As everyone else says, you can't from a simple programmatic way.

Consider these examples:

• President "George Herbert Walker Bush" (First Middle Middle Last)

• Presidential assassin "John Wilkes Booth" (First Middle Last)

• Guitarist "Eddie Van Halen" (First Last Last)

• And his mom probably calls him Edward Lodewijk Van Halen (First Middle Last Last)

• Famed castaway "Mary Ann Summers" (First First Last)

• New Mexico GOP chairman "Fernando C de Baca" (First Last Last Last)

The biggest problem I ran into doing this was cases like "Bob R. Smith, Jr.". The algorithm I used is posted at http://www.blackbeltcoder.com/Articles/strings/splitting-a-name-into-first-and-last-names. My code is in C# but you could port it if you must have in SQL.

Check this query in Athena for only one-space separated string (e.g. first name and middle name combination):

SELECT name, REVERSE( SUBSTR( REVERSE(name), 1, STRPOS(REVERSE(name), ' ') ) ) AS middle_name FROM name_table

If you expect to have two or more spaces, you can easily extend the above query.

Based on @hajili's contribution (which is a creative use of the parsename function, intended to parse the name of an object that is period-separated), I modified it so it can handle cases where the data doesn't containt a middle name or when the name is "John and Jane Doe". It's not 100% perfect but it's compact and might do the trick depending on the business case.

SELECT NAME,
CASE WHEN parsename(replace(NAME, ' ', '.'), 4) IS NOT NULL THEN 
   parsename(replace(NAME, ' ', '.'), 4) ELSE
    CASE WHEN parsename(replace(NAME, ' ', '.'), 3) IS NOT NULL THEN 
    parsename(replace(NAME, ' ', '.'), 3) ELSE
   parsename(replace(NAME, ' ', '.'), 2) end END as FirstName
   ,
CASE WHEN parsename(replace(NAME, ' ', '.'), 3) IS NOT NULL THEN 
   parsename(replace(NAME, ' ', '.'), 2) ELSE NULL END as MiddleName,
   parsename(replace(NAME, ' ', '.'), 1) as LastName
from  {@YourTableName}

Employee table has column "Name" and we had to split it into First, Middle and Last Name. This query will handle to keep middle name as null if name column has value of two words like 'James Thomas'.

UPDATE Employees
SET [First Name] = CASE 
        WHEN (len(name) - len(Replace(name, '.', ''))) = 2
            THEN PARSENAME(Name, 3)
        WHEN (len(name) - len(Replace(name, '.', ''))) = 1
            THEN PARSENAME(Name, 2)
        ELSE PARSENAME(Name, 1)
        END
    ,[Middle Name] = CASE 
        WHEN (len(name) - len(Replace(name, '.', ''))) = 2
            THEN PARSENAME(Name, 2)
        ELSE NULL
        END
    ,[Last Name] = CASE 
        WHEN (len(name) - len(Replace(name, '.', ''))) = 2
            THEN PARSENAME(Name, 1)
        WHEN (len(name) - len(Replace(name, '.', ''))) = 1
            THEN PARSENAME(Name, 1)
        ELSE NULL
        END GO

UPDATE Employee
SET [Name] = Replace([Name], '.', ' ') GO

I wanted to post an update to the suggestion by hajili, but this response was too long for a comment on that suggestion.

Our issue was "Lastname,Firstname Middlename" with some last name's with a space in them.

So we came up with:

,FullName           = CUST.FULLNAME
,LastName           = PARSENAME(REPLACE(CUST.FULLNAME, ',', '.'),2)
,FirstName          = (CASE WHEN PARSENAME(REPLACE(CUST.FULLNAME, ',', '.'),1) LIKE '% %' THEN PARSENAME(REPLACE(PARSENAME(REPLACE(CUST.FULLNAME, ',', '.'),1), ' ', '.'),2) ELSE PARSENAME(REPLACE(CUST.FULLNAME, ',', '.'),1) END)
,MiddleName         = (CASE WHEN PARSENAME(REPLACE(CUST.FULLNAME, ' ', '.'),1) LIKE '%,%' THEN NULL ELSE PARSENAME(REPLACE(CUST.FULLNAME, ' ', '.'),1) END)