How do you find a point at a given perpendicular distance from a line?

AZDean_12058 0
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I have a line that I draw in a window and I let the user drag it around. So, my line is defined by two points: (x1,y1) and (x2,y2). But now I would like to draw "caps" at the end of my line, that is, short perpendicular lines at each of my end points. The caps should be N pixels in length.

Thus, to draw my "cap" line at end point (x1,y1), I need to find two points that form a perpendicular line and where each of its points are N/2 pixels away from the point (x1,y1).

So how do you calculate a point (x3,y3) given it needs to be at a perpendicular distance N/2 away from the end point (x1,y1) of a known line, i.e. the line defined by (x1,y1) and (x2,y2)?

coordinates math graphics geometry algorithm
4 Answers

You need to compute a unit vector that's perpendicular to the line segment. Avoid computing the slope because that can lead to divide by zero errors.

dx = x1-x2
dy = y1-y2
dist = sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy)
dx /= dist
dy /= dist
x3 = x1 + (N/2)*dy
y3 = y1 - (N/2)*dx
x4 = x1 - (N/2)*dy
y4 = y1 + (N/2)*dx
user_141670

You just evaluate the orthogonal versor and multiply by N/2 

vx = x2-x1
vy = y2-y1
len = sqrt( vx*vx + vy*vy )
ux = -vy/len
uy = vx/len

x3 = x1 + N/2 * ux
Y3 = y1 + N/2 * uy

x4 = x1 - N/2 * ux
Y4 = y1 - N/2 * uy
Giacomo_Degli_Esposti_207960

If you want to avoid a sqrt, do the following:

in: line_length, cap_length, rotation, position of line centre

define points:
  tl (-line_length/2, cap_length)
  tr (line_length/2, cap_length)
  bl (-line_length/2, -cap_length)
  br (line_length/2, -cap_length)

rotate the four points by 'rotation'
offset four points by 'position'

drawline (midpoint tl,bl to midpoint tr,br)
drawline (tl to bl)
drawline (tr to br)
Skizz_18980
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