Objective-C for Windows

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What would be the best way to write Objective-C on the Windows platform?

Cygwin and gcc? Is there a way I can somehow integrate this into Visual Studio?

Along those lines - are there any suggestions as to how to link in and use the Windows SDK for something like this. Its a different beast but I know I can write assembly and link in the Windows DLLs giving me accessibility to those calls but I don't know how to do this without googling and getting piecemeal directions.

Is anyone aware of a good online or book resource to do or explain these kinds of things?

14 Answers

Expanding on the two previous answers, if you just want Objective-C but not any of the Cocoa frameworks, then gcc will work on any platform. You can use it through Cygwin or get MinGW. However, if you want the Cocoa frameworks, or at least a reasonable subset of them, then GNUStep and Cocotron are your best bets.

Cocotron implements a lot of stuff that GNUStep does not, such as CoreGraphics and CoreData, though I can't vouch for how complete their implementation is on a specific framework. Their aim is to keep Cocotron up to date with the latest version of OS X so that any viable OS X program can run on Windows. Because GNUStep typically uses the latest version of gcc, they also add in support for Objective-C++ and a lot of the Objective-C 2.0 features.

I haven't tested those features with GNUStep, but if you use a sufficiently new version of gcc, you might be able to use them. I was not able to use Objective-C++ with GNUStep a few years ago. However, GNUStep does compile from just about any platform. Cocotron is a very mac-centric project. Although it is probably possible to compile it on other platforms, it comes XCode project files, not makefiles, so you can only compile its frameworks out of the box on OS X. It also comes with instructions on compiling Windows apps on XCode, but not any other platform. Basically, it's probably possible to set up a Windows development environment for Cocotron, but it's not as easy as setting one up for GNUStep, and you'll be on your own, so GNUStep is definitely the way to go if you're developing on Windows as opposed to just for Windows.

For what it's worth, Cocotron is licensed under the MIT license, and GNUStep is licensed under the LGPL.

You can use Objective C inside the Windows environment. If you follow these steps, it should be working just fine:

  1. Visit the GNUstep website and download GNUstep MSYS Subsystem (MSYS for GNUstep), GNUstep Core (Libraries for GNUstep), and GNUstep Devel
  2. After downloading these files, install in that order, or you will have problems with configuration
  3. Navigate to C:\GNUstep\GNUstep\System\Library\Headers\Foundation1 and ensure that Foundation.h exists
  4. Open up a command prompt and run gcc -v to check that GNUstep MSYS is correctly installed (if you get a file not found error, ensure that the bin folder of GNUstep MSYS is in your PATH)
  5. Use this simple "Hello World" program to test GNUstep's functionality:

    #include <Foundation/Foundation.h>
    
    int main(void)
    {
        NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
        NSLog(@"Hello World!.");
        [pool drain];
     return;
    }
    
  6. Go back to the command prompt and cd to where you saved the "Hello World" program and then compile it:2

    gcc -o helloworld.exe <HELLOWORLD>.m -I /GNUstep/GNUstep/System/Library/Headers -L /GNUstep/GNUstep/System/Library/Libraries -std=c99 -lobjc -lgnustep-base -fconstant-string-class=NSConstantString
    
  7. Finally, from the command prompt, type helloworld to run it

All the best, and have fun with Objective-C!


NOTES:

  1. I used the default install path - adjust your command line accordingly
  2. Ensure the folder path of yours is similar to mine, otherwise you will get an error

Also:

The Cocotron is an open source project which aims to implement a cross-platform Objective-C API similar to that described by Apple Inc.'s Cocoa documentation. This includes the AppKit, Foundation, Objective-C runtime and support APIs such as CoreGraphics and CoreFoundation.

http://www.cocotron.org/

As of 2021, the GNUstep Windows MSVC Toolchain allows to integrate Objective-C code in any Windows app, including Visual Studio projects using LLVM/Clang. This includes support for Automatic Reference Counting (ARC) and Objective-C 2.0 features such as blocks.

The project includes the Foundation, CoreFoundation, and libdispatch libraries from GNUstep. It does currently not include any UI framework such as AppKit or UIKit, but it can be used to e.g. write a Windows-specific UI with cross-platform business logic written in Objective-C.

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